現在防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)首要(yao)分為二(er)大類:一、柔性防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，如(ru)：種材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)卷(juan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)、JS復合(he)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)、聚氨(an)酯(zhi)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)、防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)膠等等乳液性的(de)聚合(he)物(wu)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)首要(yao)是(shi)包裹(guo)住基面，不(bu)(bu)讓水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)滲出和滲入(ru)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)有必(bi)定的(de)延伸率(lv)和抗拉才能(neng)。僅有缺(que)陷這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)有必(bi)定的(de)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)年限，也就(jiu)是(shi)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壽(shou)命。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)廣(guang)泛用(yong)于的(de)屋面、衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)間(jian)(jian)、伸縮縫、落水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)口、磚(zhuan)石(shi)等等基面上。二(er)、剛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)：望文生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)義，它有高(gao)強度(du)，但(dan)他缺(que)少延伸率(lv)和抗拉才能(neng)，但(dan)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壽(shou)命長久施工后跟混凝土(tu)同等，如(ru)：水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)不(bu)(bu)漏、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)基浸透結(jie)晶、浸透防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)劑、永凝液等等。它們是(shi)使用(yong)混凝土(tu)結(jie)構的(de)多孔性透過毛細(xi)管現像(xiang)，使用(yong)親水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)性以水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為載體浸透到(dao)混凝土(tu)內部，發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化學反應，形成結(jie)晶體，堵信毛細(xi)孔到(dao)達防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)作用(yong)，添加(jia)混凝土(tu)強度(du)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)廣(guang)泛應用(yong)于地下(xia)室、衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)間(jian)(jian)、污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池、蘊水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池、也可直接用(yong)于飲用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池等等。所以現在一般防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)要(yao)求高(gao)的(de)，設(she)計上會用(yong)剛柔結(jie)合(he)的(de)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)方案!

【補漏措施】(1)將滲(shen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)部(bu)位(wei)清(qing)(qing)理(li)(li)干凈(jing)，用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥基防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)作(zuo)堵(du)滲(shen)處理(li)(li)。(2)將滲(shen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)部(bu)位(wei)清(qing)(qing)理(li)(li)干凈(jing)后，提示用(yong)聚(ju)氨酯(zhi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)等配合纖維增(zeng)強(qiang)材(cai)料(liao)作(zuo)堵(du)滲(shen)處理(li)(li)。(3)在漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)部(bu)位(wei)嵌(qian)(qian)填(tian)，粘貼或(huo)注(zhu)入柔性或(huo)彈性防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)；(4)在表面用(yong)彈性防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)和纖維材(cai)料(liao)做增(zeng)強(qiang)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層。(5)清(qing)(qing)理(li)(li)管外側空(kong)間的嵌(qian)(qian)填(tian)密(mi)封材(cai)料(liao)或(huo)注(zhu)漿，嚴密(mi)堵(du)塞；(6)管與地下室壁面連接根部(bu)用(yong)索涂(tu)(tu)高分(fen)子(zi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)配合纖維材(cai)料(liao)做增(zeng)強(qiang)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層。介紹除可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)壁內和壁后注(zhu)漿，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)混凝土貼壁襯砌、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥砂(sha)漿，掛網(wang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥砂(sha)漿抹面等方法外，也(ye)可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)，先引流排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，然后填(tian)縫堵(du)洞，杜絕(jue)滲(shen)漏。

（1）外墻(qiang)清(qing)洗(xi)第一(yi)天(tian)(tian)開工(gong)(gong)前(qian)，現(xian)場(chang)主管(guan)需(xu)要(yao)帶領(ling)安(an)全(quan)員(yuan)檢查并做好落實安(an)全(quan)措(cuo)施(shi)；（2）待確認(ren)安(an)全(quan)措(cuo)施(shi)無誤，現(xian)場(chang)主管(guan)可(ke)指揮作(zuo)業人員(yuan)進入工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)區域(yu)；（3）外墻(qiang)清(qing)洗(xi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中隨時(shi)保持高度警惕，發現(xian)隱(yin)患，應立(li)即(ji)采取果斷措(cuo)施(shi)及時(shi)糾正；（4）檢查安(an)全(quan)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)執(zhi)行(xing)情(qing)況，勿使松懈；（5）每天(tian)(tian)協同甲方負責人員(yuan)對工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)進行(xing)驗(yan)收(shou)，應對出現(xian)的(de)質(zhi)量問題及時(shi)安(an)排(pai)返工(gong)(gong)；（6）每天(tian)(tian)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)結束(shu)檢查、驗(yan)收(shou)無誤后(hou)，向公司(si)匯報(bao)當(dang)天(tian)(tian)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)情(qing)況。主管(guan)雖(sui)然不(bu)用上陣工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，但(dan)是(shi)在底下做好管(guan)理工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)也相當(dang)重要(yao)，更利于提(ti)高工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)效率，降低危險性(xing)。

注意基層含水量。一般而言，基層的含水量不應超過6%。如果不符合要求，將對專業屋面堵漏后期施工產生很大影響。打火機具有隔離效果，破壞粘接，重的打火機會使空心滾筒破裂，破壞防水效果。合山市屋面堵漏為(wei)了確保(bao)防水(shui)效(xiao)果，必須有(you)效(xiao)地控制基(ji)層(ceng)的(de)含水(shui)量(liang)。如果你需要(yao)做防水(shui)的(de)時候，那么需要(yao)認(ren)認(ren)真(zhen)(zhen)真(zhen)(zhen)去做一些對比哦(e)。不僅僅可(ke)以(yi)(yi)用(yong)CPC防水(shui)材料(liao)去做防水(shui)，也可(ke)以(yi)(yi)使用(yong)CH-108ZYY這一種防水(shui)材料(liao)。在涂防水(shui)材料(liao)之前，為(wei)了可(ke)以(yi)(yi)粘的(de)住則需要(yao)把基(ji)層(ceng)情操干凈。留在間隙和(he)角落的(de)灰塵需要(yao)用(yong)氣(qi)槍(qiang)吹走哦(e)。對于油漬、焊接污漬、刷子、銹斑應(ying)擦(ca)洗(xi)和(he)打磨，只(zhi)是(shi)為(wei)了保(bao)持表面(mian)清潔。為(wei)了確保(bao)防水(shui)涂層(ceng)有(you)效(xiao)滲(shen)透到水(shui)泥砂漿中，增強了防水(shui)涂層(ceng)和(he)基(ji)層(ceng)，以(yi)(yi)提(ti)高防水(shui)能(neng)力。當(dang)然(ran)了也可(ke)以(yi)(yi)購買一些品(pin)牌的(de)防水(shui)層(ceng)，才(cai)比較好。

單一的(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑材(cai)料雖(sui)然具(ju)有(you)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)性能，但必(bi)須通過施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)操作(zuo)與(yu)(yu)組(zu)合(he)，才(cai)能構成(cheng)土木建筑的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，并獲得相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)功能。因(yin)此(ci)歷來把施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)操作(zuo)與(yu)(yu)組(zu)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)完(wan)美性，視為防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)成(cheng)敗(bai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)。無論是(shi)各類防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)卷(juan)材(cai)還是(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)涂(tu)料，均(jun)(jun)必(bi)須與(yu)(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)基層(ceng)緊密粘(zhan)(zhan)貼或黏結，并使兩者成(cheng)為整體后，才(cai)能有(you)可靠的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)屏障。通過長期的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)實踐和(he)研究后認為，防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)基層(ceng)表面(即施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)面)必(bi)須具(ju)備“干(gan)燥、清潔和(he)適當溫度”這一防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)三大先(xian)決(jue)條件后，方(fang)可進(jin)行柔性防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，這在(zai)中外建筑規范和(he)相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)材(cai)、理(li)論書籍(ji)中均(jun)(jun)有(you)論述(shu)。多年來隨著科(ke)學技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷發展，防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法也有(you)了很大改進(jin)，諸如為了減(jian)少卷(juan)材(cai)起鼓與(yu)(yu)開裂，可采(cai)用(yong)空鋪法、條(點)粘(zhan)(zhan)法、熱熔(rong)法、冷粘(zhan)(zhan)法等措施(shi)(shi)。應指出，上述(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法與(yu)(yu)措施(shi)(shi)均(jun)(jun)有(you)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)局(ju)限(xian)性，而要(yao)使防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)做到滴水(shui)不漏，仍(reng)應全面遵守有(you)關(guan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)條件的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求。