一(yi)、開(kai)放(fang)式(shi)陽臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)：開(kai)放(fang)式(shi)陽臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)由(you)于(yu)暴露(lu)在外部(bu)環境中(zhong)，必須要(yao)(yao)做防(fang)水，避免雨雪(xue)等滲入(ru)室內(nei)或樓下(xia)。封(feng)(feng)閉式(shi)陽臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)：由(you)于(yu)都會把陽臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)當作洗晾衣物的(de)(de)場所(suo)，也會遇到(dao)衣物水滴低到(dao)地面的(de)(de)情況，所(suo)以通常也要(yao)(yao)做防(fang)水。二、陽臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)防(fang)水涂(tu)料(liao)的(de)(de)選擇：衛浴間(jian)和廚房對(dui)于(yu)防(fang)水涂(tu)料(liao)的(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)要(yao)(yao)求相(xiang)差不(bu)大(da)，因此可以選用同一(yi)種防(fang)水涂(tu)料(liao)。但陽臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)不(bu)同，陽臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)常受到(dao)自(zi)然環境的(de)(de)侵襲，沒(mei)有(you)優良的(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)和良好(hao)的(de)(de)保(bao)護措施，難以達到(dao)要(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)耐久(jiu)年限。所(suo)以應選擇抗拉強度高、延(yan)伸率大(da)、耐老化(hua)好(hao)的(de)(de)防(fang)水材料(liao)。三、提醒您做好(hao)陽臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)門(men)窗(chuang)(chuang)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)：風(feng)雨來時,第一(yi)道(dao)防(fang)水關是陽臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)門(men)窗(chuang)(chuang)，在裝修時，要(yao)(yao)確保(bao)陽臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)門(men)窗(chuang)(chuang)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)良好(hao)，以保(bao)證防(fang)水效果(guo)。如密(mi)封(feng)(feng)不(bu)好(hao)，窗(chuang)(chuang)與(yu)墻體接縫(feng)部(bu)位(wei)會有(you)雨水滲入(ru)，窗(chuang)(chuang)框(kuang)上部(bu)、四周、底部(bu)(窗(chuang)(chuang)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)部(bu)位(wei))都有(you)可能(neng)發生滲漏。

目前建筑(zhu)防(fang)水(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料大體上可(ke)分(fen)為五類(lei)(lei)，即瀝青防(fang)水(shui)卷材(cai)(cai)(cai)、高分(fen)子防(fang)水(shui)片材(cai)(cai)(cai)、建筑(zhu)防(fang)水(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料、建筑(zhu)密封材(cai)(cai)(cai)料及防(fang)滲堵(du)漏等特(te)種用途的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)水(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料。每種材(cai)(cai)(cai)料各有(you)其特(te)性，因(yin)此必須根據的(de)(de)(de)部位(wei)、條件(jian)、所處的(de)(de)(de)環境、建筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)等級(ji)、功能需要，選(xuan)用適當的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料，發(fa)揮各類(lei)(lei)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)特(te)性，使之獲得最佳防(fang)水(shui)效果。依據不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)工程部位(wei)來選(xuan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)，其選(xuan)擇標準也(ye)(ye)不(bu)一(yi)致。屋面(mian)因(yin)長(chang)期暴露，陽光、雪雨直接侵(qin)蝕，嚴(yan)冬酷暑溫度變化大，晝夜之間屋面(mian)板也(ye)(ye)會發(fa)生伸(shen)縮，因(yin)此應選(xuan)用耐老化性能好的(de)(de)(de)，且有(you)一(yi)定延伸(shen)性的(de)(de)(de)、耐熱(re)度高的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料。如(ru)聚脂胎改(gai)性瀝青卷材(cai)(cai)(cai)、三元乙丙片材(cai)(cai)(cai)或瀝青油氈等。

玉林市衛生間防水混凝土澆筑正值7～8月份高溫季節，易造成混凝土坍落度損失加大，降低混凝土工作度方面的要求，加之可能出現的運輸途中堵車或施工中出現臨時需處理的問題，使澆搗速度減緩，延誤了混凝土的入模時間，因時間延長造成混凝土坍落度損失加大，致使不能滿足泵送要求，此時應嚴禁加入生水，而應采取二次摻少量的FDN2I減水劑的后摻法，補償和恢復混凝土的坍落度損失。正規衛生間防水在配合(he)比(bi)(bi)中FDN2I減水(shui)劑(ji)量為(wei)0.8%，地(di)般該(gai)減水(shui)劑(ji)的摻(chan)量地(di)高(gao)為(wei)1%，在后摻(chan)減水(shui)劑(ji)時(shi)只考(kao)慮在0.2%以內。后摻(chan)法比(bi)(bi)先摻(chan)法或同(tong)摻(chan)法在相同(tong)摻(chan)量下減水(shui)作用顯著提高(gao)，是能補償(chang)坍落度損失的。但應注意凡后摻(chan)減水(shui)劑(ji)的運(yun)輸車，應快速攪(jiao)拌30轉或1秒以上。其摻(chan)量和(he)攪(jiao)拌時(shi)間由專人負責實(shi)施。

1、從(cong)事(shi)建筑防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業必須具有(you)(you)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)專(zhuan)業施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)證(zheng)書，監理應(ying)(ying)對(dui)其企(qi)業資(zi)(zi)格及(ji)(ji)人(ren)員資(zi)(zi)格進行(xing)審查確(que)認。2、防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)必須堅固、平整、干凈、不(bu)起(qi)砂、不(bu)起(qi)皮(pi)。涂膠防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)及(ji)(ji)嵌填密(mi)封材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)必須干燥。3、嚴格防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進場(chang)報驗程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序和見(jian)證(zheng)送檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，經檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗合(he)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)才準予用于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。4、柔性防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)完成后必須及(ji)(ji)時做好保(bao)護(hu)層(ceng)(ceng)。保(bao)護(hu)層(ceng)(ceng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時，應(ying)(ying)采取(qu)有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)措(cuo)施(shi)，避免破壞防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)。5、防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中應(ying)(ying)執(zhi)行(xing)自檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、互檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、交接檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)及(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查等制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，嚴格執(zhi)行(xing)從(cong)基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)、防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)到保(bao)護(hu)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)逐層(ceng)(ceng)隱蔽(bi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查驗收制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)。6、已施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)柔性防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)進行(xing)抽(chou)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)取(qu)樣實測檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查，確(que)認其厚(hou)度(du)(du)(便數)是(shi)否(fou)符合(he)設計和規(gui)范要求。

滲漏(lou)的(de)(de)水會(hui)(hui)(hui)部分被(bei)(bei)自(zi)家(jia)(jia)墻(qiang)體吸收，導致墻(qiang)面(mian)(mian)起殼、脫落，裝(zhuang)飾(shi)面(mian)(mian)遭(zao)到破壞，不僅嚴重(zhong)影響(xiang)室內裝(zhuang)飾(shi)的(de)(de)使用(yong)和(he)美觀，還大(da)大(da)降低居住環境的(de)(de)舒適(shi)度。提示如果長(chang)期滲漏(lou)，家(jia)(jia)里(li)(li)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)板、廚(chu)柜等(deng)物品就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)受(shou)潮、霉變，產生(sheng)對人體有(you)害的(de)(de)霉菌，而且容易(yi)引發皮膚病，長(chang)期下去更是容易(yi)導致風(feng)濕(shi)病、關節炎等(deng)炎癥。家(jia)(jia)里(li)(li)漏(lou)水嚴重(zhong)時，鄰居也(ye)會(hui)(hui)(hui)被(bei)(bei)連累遭(zao)受(shou)財(cai)產損失，“賠禮賠錢”都是常態，處理不好，還有(you)可能導致鄰里(li)(li)關系惡劣，引發鄰里(li)(li)糾紛。漏(lou)水問題(ti)如果長(chang)期存在，會(hui)(hui)(hui)不同程度地(di)(di)影響(xiang)建筑結構(gou)的(de)(de)穩固性，造成嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)安(an)全隱患。家(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)防水可以說是“安(an)居”的(de)(de)基(ji)礎工程，大(da)家(jia)(jia)必須引起重(zhong)視，尤其在選擇(ze)的(de)(de)時候，一定要睜大(da)雙眼，選擇(ze)大(da)品牌、有(you)保障的(de)(de)產品。