家裝中，關于防水，常常會聽到這樣一句話：衛生間必須做防水，陽臺建議做防水，廚房防水可做可不做。事實上，廚衛、陽臺（露臺）都是家庭中較為潮濕的區域，在裝修時，憑祥市后澆帶堵漏建議都做好防水，卻能給居家生活更全面、放心的保障。室內空間中，衛生間應該是潮濕的區域。如果衛生間有做干濕分離，濕區（淋浴區）的墻面防水要做到1.8m+以上，浴缸的墻面防水要做到1.5m左右；干區墻面正規后澆帶堵漏則建議做到30cm左右(you)(you)，而洗漱臺處的墻面防水需做到1.2m左右(you)(you)。

防(fang)水(shui)(shui)防(fang)滲(shen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)是(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)民(min)(min)建(jian)(jian)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)體(ti)現(xian)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)整(zheng)體(ti)完(wan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)后(hou)(hou)重(zhong)點驗(yan)收(shou)環(huan)(huan)節，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)要(yao)不(bu)斷完(wan)善與改(gai)造的(de)(de)(de)(de)部分。做好防(fang)水(shui)(shui)防(fang)滲(shen)關系到建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正常使(shi)用(yong)、人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)人(ren)(ren)身及財產安(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大事(shi)，必須不(bu)斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)完(wan)善，重(zhong)點的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)與建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實用(yong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)衡(heng)量(liang)(liang)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)整(zheng)體(ti)結果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)劣的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵，其中(zhong)，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高低是(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)們為關心的(de)(de)(de)(de)。但無論(lun)從建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)全(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，還是(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)之中(zhong)，都會(hui)遇到材料老化、偶(ou)然事(shi)件、環(huan)(huan)境(jing)因素等(deng)對建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)形成損耗的(de)(de)(de)(de)一些(xie)問題(ti)，尤其是(shi)(shi)(shi)投入使(shi)用(yong)后(hou)(hou)，質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問題(ti)在(zai)所難免。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)一些(xie)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)步(bu)驟如果(guo)達標，就(jiu)可以使(shi)發(fa)生質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可能性降低，其中(zhong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)防(fang)滲(shen)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)常見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問題(ti)之一。滲(shen)水(shui)(shui)、漏水(shui)(shui)現(xian)象不(bu)僅影響了人(ren)(ren)們正常的(de)(de)(de)(de)居(ju)住與使(shi)用(yong)，嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)會(hui)影響建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壽(shou)命與使(shi)用(yong)安(an)全(quan)，對人(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)身與財產安(an)全(quan)形成極大威脅對于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)民(min)(min)建(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，做好防(fang)水(shui)(shui)防(fang)滲(shen)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)實現(xian)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)提升(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)必然要(yao)求。

一(yi)、開放式(shi)陽(yang)(yang)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)：開放式(shi)陽(yang)(yang)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)由于(yu)暴露在外部(bu)環境(jing)中，必須要做(zuo)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)，避免雨(yu)(yu)雪等滲(shen)入室內或樓下(xia)。封閉式(shi)陽(yang)(yang)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)：由于(yu)都(dou)會(hui)把(ba)陽(yang)(yang)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)當作洗晾衣物(wu)的(de)場所(suo)，也會(hui)遇到(dao)衣物(wu)水(shui)(shui)滴(di)低到(dao)地(di)面的(de)情況，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)通常也要做(zuo)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)。二、陽(yang)(yang)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)涂料(liao)的(de)選擇：衛浴間和(he)廚房(fang)對(dui)于(yu)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)涂料(liao)的(de)性(xing)能(neng)要求相差(cha)不(bu)大，因此(ci)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)選用同一(yi)種防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)涂料(liao)。但陽(yang)(yang)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)不(bu)同，陽(yang)(yang)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)常受到(dao)自然環境(jing)的(de)侵襲，沒有優(you)良(liang)的(de)性(xing)能(neng)和(he)良(liang)好的(de)保(bao)護措(cuo)施，難以(yi)(yi)(yi)達到(dao)要求的(de)耐久年限。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)應選擇抗拉強(qiang)度(du)高、延伸率大、耐老化好的(de)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)材料(liao)。三、提(ti)醒您(nin)做(zuo)好陽(yang)(yang)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)門窗(chuang)(chuang)密封：風雨(yu)(yu)來時,第一(yi)道防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)關是(shi)陽(yang)(yang)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)門窗(chuang)(chuang)，在裝修(xiu)時，要確保(bao)陽(yang)(yang)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)門窗(chuang)(chuang)密封良(liang)好，以(yi)(yi)(yi)保(bao)證防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)效果。如密封不(bu)好，窗(chuang)(chuang)與墻(qiang)體接縫部(bu)位(wei)會(hui)有雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)滲(shen)入，窗(chuang)(chuang)框上部(bu)、四周、底部(bu)(窗(chuang)(chuang)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)部(bu)位(wei))都(dou)有可(ke)(ke)能(neng)發生滲(shen)漏。

如果是露天陽(yang)臺(tai)，要進(jin)行(xing)補(bu)漏(lou)可(ke)以(yi)用柏油(you)跟(gen)防水(shui)布雙重(zhong)結(jie)合的(de)方式來進(jin)行(xing)，如果是封閉式或者半封閉式陽(yang)臺(tai)，這樣的(de)隱蔽工程是可(ke)以(yi)找來進(jin)行(xing)補(bu)漏(lou)處(chu)(chu)理，個人(ren)施(shi)工還是有一定(ding)的(de)難度。為了避免底板(ban)和外墻(qiang)(qiang)轉角處(chu)(chu)出現(xian)滲漏(lou)現(xian)象(xiang)，在300mm高砼(tong)(tong)(tong)導墻(qiang)(qiang)施(shi)工嚴(yan)格(ge)把直把質量關，先把底板(ban)砼(tong)(tong)(tong)澆(jiao)筑到吊(diao)(diao)模(mo)下口處(chu)(chu)的(de)位置，等到砼(tong)(tong)(tong)即將補(bu)凝時(shi)(shi)再(zai)澆(jiao)筑導墻(qiang)(qiang)砼(tong)(tong)(tong)。導墻(qiang)(qiang)砼(tong)(tong)(tong)澆(jiao)筑時(shi)(shi)必(bi)須(xu)振(zhen)(zhen)搗密實，吊(diao)(diao)模(mo)下口翻出的(de)砼(tong)(tong)(tong)不(bu)能急于刮(gua)除，要特別注意在這個時(shi)(shi)候導墻(qiang)(qiang)根部的(de)砼(tong)(tong)(tong)不(bu)能再(zai)振(zhen)(zhen)，以(yi)免出現(xian)吊(diao)(diao)腳，導致滲漏(lou)故障(zhang)的(de)發(fa)生。為了控制外墻(qiang)(qiang)蜂窩(wo)及裂縫的(de)產生，砼(tong)(tong)(tong)施(shi)工時(shi)(shi)要把握振(zhen)(zhen)搗和養護關。加(jia)強(qiang)砼(tong)(tong)(tong)振(zhen)(zhen)搗，執(zhi)行(xing)“快插慢拔”，嚴(yan)禁出現(xian)漏(lou)振(zhen)(zhen)或過振(zhen)(zhen)而引起蜂窩(wo)。

鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)工(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)過(guo)程中，首(shou)先，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)制(zhi)作(zuo)時要(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)材(cai)料(liao)是否合(he)格(ge)、鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)堆(dui)放要(yao)(yao)妥當避(bi)免銹蝕、鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)表面應(ying)潔凈、統籌配料(liao)、鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)切斷端頭(tou)不應(ying)有劈裂(lie)、縮頭(tou)及嚴重彎頭(tou)：其次(ci)，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)綁扎必須牢(lao)固(gu)，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)的排布順序要(yao)(yao)正確以及鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)的保(bao)護層厚度要(yao)(yao)達到(dao)要(yao)(yao)求：最后要(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意一些(xie)細節的施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)技術，如鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)骨(gu)架的尺寸(cun)、馬凳撐、錨固(gu)長度等。混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)過(guo)程中，要(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)的配合(he)比(bi)、澆筑前(qian)得準備工(gong)作(zuo)要(yao)(yao)到(dao)位(wei)、振搗工(gong)作(zuo)要(yao)(yao)按要(yao)(yao)求、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)縫的留(liu)設要(yao)(yao)合(he)理、混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)的養護要(yao)(yao)到(dao)位(wei)、注(zhu)意特殊天氣下混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)的施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)。后澆帶(dai)(dai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)過(guo)程中，要(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意后澆帶(dai)(dai)周邊混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)質量，以及后澆帶(dai)(dai)的鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)保(bao)護。