1.成(cheng)品保護不善。解釋購置的地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)堵(du)(du)(du)漏(lou)材料或已完工(gong)(gong)的地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)堵(du)(du)(du)漏(lou)層(ceng),由(you)于保管不善,施工(gong)(gong)不慎造成(cheng)破壞(huai)且未及時(shi)(shi)修補而(er)造成(cheng)滲(shen)(shen)漏(lou)。2.混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)保護層(ceng)厚度不夠。介(jie)紹(shao)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)保護層(ceng)按規范要求應為(wei)厚, 但施工(gong)(gong)時(shi)(shi)常(chang)常(chang)由(you)于不能保證而(er)出(chu)現裂(lie)縫(feng), 造成(cheng)滲(shen)(shen)漏(lou)。3.不重視細部的構(gou)造處(chu)理,對(dui)變(bian)形縫(feng)、施工(gong)(gong)縫(feng)、后澆帶(dai)、預留(liu)接口、混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)主體結構(gou)等(deng)部位采取的地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)堵(du)(du)(du)漏(lou)措施不當。4.地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)堵(du)(du)(du)漏(lou)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)配合比在現場施工(gong)(gong)時(shi)(shi)配制不準確(que),特(te)別(bie)是水灰(hui)比增(zeng)大,使混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)收縮大,出(chu)現裂(lie)縫(feng)引起(qi)滲(shen)(shen)漏(lou)。5.混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)養(yang)護不良造成(cheng)早期失水嚴重,形成(cheng)滲(shen)(shen)漏(lou)。6.對(dui)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)圍(wei)護結構(gou)不采用地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)堵(du)(du)(du)漏(lou)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu),而(er)只做(zuo)柔性地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)堵(du)(du)(du)漏(lou)層(ceng)。

發(fa)現對(dui)眾多(duo)堵(du)漏(lou)(lou)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)和(he)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的技術(shu)性(xing)能不(bu)了解,不(bu)重(zhong)視(shi)研(yan)究防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)技術(shu),國(guo)內(nei)的防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)堵(du)漏(lou)(lou)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)大(da)多(duo)不(bu)過關(guan)。施工時不(bu)找(zhao)漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)點(dian)(dian)、漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)線(xian)(xian)；見縫(feng)漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)即(ji)(ji)騎縫(feng)打眼(yan)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)；見墻(qiang)面(mian)(mian)滲(shen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)即(ji)(ji)滿(man)墻(qiang)打眼(yan)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)或(huo)在(zai)墻(qiang)面(mian)(mian)涂(tu)刷(shua)表面(mian)(mian)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)；見沉降(jiang)縫(feng)漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)即(ji)(ji)剔鑿填充剛性(xing)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)或(huo)灌(guan)注熱(re)瀝青(qing)堵(du)漏(lou)(lou)等(deng)等(deng),提示這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)盲目(mu)打眼(yan)、盲目(mu)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)、盲目(mu)堵(du)漏(lou)(lou)的最終結果是鉆孔不(bu)進(jin)漿(jiang)(jiang)或(huo)不(bu)易進(jin)漿(jiang)(jiang),沉降(jiang)縫(feng)堵(du)剛性(xing)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao),裂縫(feng)后(hou)繼續漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),未真正將漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)點(dian)(dian)、漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)線(xian)(xian)、漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)縫(feng)堵(du)嚴,造成堵(du)漏(lou)(lou)不(bu)成功；單純采(cai)用各種(zhong)(zhong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)在(zai)砂漿(jiang)(jiang)層或(huo)混凝土(tu)表面(mian)(mian)涂(tu)刷(shua)成膜堵(du)漏(lou)(lou),忽視(shi)了隱(yin)蔽漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)點(dian)(dian)、漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)縫(feng)的處(chu)理,只有(you)點(dian)(dian)堵(du)、線(xian)(xian)堵(du)和(he)面(mian)(mian)涂(tu)堵(du)漏(lou)(lou)相結合才能成功；對(dui)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)部位和(he)沉降(jiang)縫(feng)堵(du)漏(lou)(lou)應(ying)采(cai)用多(duo)道防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)線(xian)(xian)。

目前建筑防水材料大體上可分為五類，即瀝青防水卷材、高分子防水片材、建筑防水材料、建筑密封材料及防滲堵漏等特種用途的防水材料。每種材料各有其特性，因此必須根據合山市地下室堵漏的部位、條件、所處的環境、建筑的等級、功能需要，選用適當的材料，發揮各類材料的特性，使之獲得最佳防水效果。新型地下室堵漏依據(ju)不同的(de)工程部位來(lai)選材，其選擇(ze)標準(zhun)也不一致。屋(wu)面(mian)因長期(qi)暴露，陽光(guang)、雪雨(yu)直接侵蝕，嚴冬酷暑(shu)溫度變(bian)化大，晝(zhou)夜(ye)之間屋(wu)面(mian)板也會發(fa)生伸縮(suo)，因此應(ying)選用耐(nai)老化性能(neng)好的(de)，且有一定延伸性的(de)、耐(nai)熱度高的(de)材料。如(ru)聚脂胎改性瀝(li)(li)青卷(juan)材、三元乙丙片材或瀝(li)(li)青油氈等。

選(xuan)用緩膨(peng)型(xing)遇(yu)水(shui)(shui)膨(peng)脹橡膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)條(tiao)作為樁頭根部(bu)施(shi)工材料(liao)時，必須(xu)將(jiang)相(xiang)應(ying)寬度(du)(du)的(de)(de)凹槽剔(ti)鑿(zao)在橡膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)條(tiao)放(fang)(fang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)墊(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)表面(mian)(mian)，并(bing)通(tong)過無齒鋸切割凹槽外邊線(xian)，以此為橡膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)條(tiao)放(fang)(fang)置(zhi)提(ti)(ti)供便利。在做防水(shui)(shui)施(shi)工時，應(ying)保證沒有雜(za)物附著于凹槽內(nei)混凝(ning)土面(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)，確保施(shi)工的(de)(de)干燥性(xing)。橡膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)條(tiao)在樁側、鋼筋根部(bu)鋪設時，應(ying)確保鋪設的(de)(de)完整(zheng)性(xing)與連續性(xing)，將(jiang)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)條(tiao)閉合(he)位置(zhi)進(jin)行45度(du)(du)斜(xie)角(jiao)的(de)(de)切割，提(ti)(ti)高橡膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)條(tiao)的(de)(de)設置(zhi)的(de)(de)穩固性(xing)。聚合(he)物水(shui)(shui)泥防水(shui)(shui)砂(sha)(sha)漿(jiang)應(ying)在完成橡膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)條(tiao)施(shi)工后進(jin)行，砂(sha)(sha)漿(jiang)涂抹前必須(xu)將(jiang)基面(mian)(mian)清理干凈，隨后在砂(sha)(sha)漿(jiang)攪(jiao)拌機內(nei)對聚合(he)物進(jin)行拌和(he)、壓實抹平施(shi)工。防水(shui)(shui)砂(sha)(sha)漿(jiang)終凝(ning)后，應(ying)進(jin)行7天(tian)養護，如將(jiang)防火草簾覆蓋在其表面(mian)(mian)。

大家都知(zhi)道，房(fang)子(zi)漏(lou)水特別是(shi)(shi)地下(xia)室漏(lou)水是(shi)(shi)一件麻煩的(de)(de)(de)(de)事情，地下(xia)室剛性防(fang)水方面，應提高混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)質量(liang)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)減少(shao)混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)裂情況，以(yi)(yi)下(xia)是(shi)(shi)顧得(de)防(fang)水整理的(de)(de)(de)(de)一些提高質量(liang)減少(shao)開(kai)裂的(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體施工(gong)技術。模板(ban)(ban)(ban)工(gong)程施工(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)，首(shou)先，要(yao)對重(zhong)要(yao)構件的(de)(de)(de)(de)模板(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)支(zhi)撐進行計(ji)算，確保模板(ban)(ban)(ban)體系具(ju)有足夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)強度(du)(du)和(he)剛度(du)(du)：其次，模板(ban)(ban)(ban)加(jia)工(gong)時要(yao)控制模板(ban)(ban)(ban)尺寸和(he)因周轉次數過(guo)多而(er)出現損壞(huai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)模板(ban)(ban)(ban)：再次，模板(ban)(ban)(ban)安(an)裝時要(yao)注意(yi)安(an)裝順序、大跨度(du)(du)構件的(de)(de)(de)(de)起拱、陰(yin)陽角部位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)護：最(zui)后，模板(ban)(ban)(ban)拆除時要(yao)注意(yi)混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)強度(du)(du)要(yao)達到相應要(yao)求方可拆除。