【補漏措(cuo)施】(1)將滲水(shui)(shui)部(bu)(bu)位清理(li)干凈，用(yong)水(shui)(shui)泥基(ji)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)涂(tu)料(liao)作堵(du)滲處理(li)。(2)將滲水(shui)(shui)部(bu)(bu)位清理(li)干凈后，提(ti)示用(yong)聚氨酯防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)涂(tu)料(liao)等(deng)配合(he)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)增強(qiang)材料(liao)作堵(du)滲處理(li)。(3)在(zai)漏水(shui)(shui)部(bu)(bu)位嵌填，粘貼(tie)或(huo)注(zhu)入柔性(xing)或(huo)彈(dan)性(xing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)材料(liao)；(4)在(zai)表面用(yong)彈(dan)性(xing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)涂(tu)料(liao)和纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)材料(liao)做增強(qiang)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)層。(5)清理(li)管外側空間的嵌填密封材料(liao)或(huo)注(zhu)漿(jiang)，嚴密堵(du)塞；(6)管與地下室壁(bi)面連接根部(bu)(bu)用(yong)索涂(tu)高(gao)分子防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)涂(tu)料(liao)配合(he)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)材料(liao)做增強(qiang)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)層。介紹(shao)除可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)壁(bi)內和壁(bi)后注(zhu)漿(jiang)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)混凝土(tu)貼(tie)壁(bi)襯砌、水(shui)(shui)泥砂(sha)漿(jiang)，掛網(wang)水(shui)(shui)泥砂(sha)漿(jiang)抹(mo)面等(deng)方法外，也可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)涂(tu)料(liao)，先引流排水(shui)(shui)，然(ran)后填縫堵(du)洞，杜(du)絕(jue)滲漏。

我們都知道地下(xia)室(shi)防水的設(she)計(ji)對建(jian)筑物的影(ying)響非常(chang)大，設(she)計(ji)時(shi)要綜合多方面的因(yin)素，采用剛(gang)柔(rou)相(xiang)接(jie)，因(yin)地制(zhi)宜，綜合治理，防、排、堵(du)相(xiang)結(jie)(jie)合的原則。根據現(xian)場的走(zou)訪和多年的防水施工(gong)經驗來給大家介紹一下(xia)：a.地下(xia)室(shi)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)室(shi)外頂(ding)(ding)板宜優先采用結(jie)(jie)構(gou)起坡。b.地下(xia)室(shi)頂(ding)(ding)板上有覆土時(shi)，可(ke)設(she)塑(su)料排水板濾水層有組織(zhi)收(shou)集積水，但必須(xu)進行專項節點(dian)設(she)計(ji)。c.當(dang)地下(xia)室(shi)頂(ding)(ding)板被變(bian)形縫分(fen)隔時(shi)，變(bian)形縫應(ying)作為種植(zhi)分(fen)區邊(bian)界，不得跨縫種植(zhi)。d.當(dang)地下(xia)室(shi)頂(ding)(ding)板上無覆土時(shi)，可(ke)在卷材防水的剛(gang)性保護層上直接(jie)做飾(shi)面層。e.也可(ke)采用單層防水做法(fa)。

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防(fang)(fang)水(shui)防(fang)(fang)滲(shen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)水(shui)平是(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)民(min)建(jian)(jian)(jian)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)體(ti)現，是(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)整(zheng)體(ti)完(wan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)后(hou)重(zhong)點驗收環(huan)節，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在使用(yong)中要(yao)不斷完(wan)善與(yu)改(gai)造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)。做好(hao)(hao)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)防(fang)(fang)滲(shen)關系到(dao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正常(chang)(chang)使用(yong)、人(ren)民(min)人(ren)身及(ji)財產安全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大事，必須(xu)不斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完(wan)善，重(zhong)點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究。建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)與(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實用(yong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)衡量(liang)(liang)(liang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)整(zheng)體(ti)結果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優劣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵，其(qi)中，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高低是(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)們(men)(men)為關心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。但無論從建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)全過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，還是(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)之中，都會(hui)遇到(dao)材料老化、偶然(ran)事件、環(huan)境因(yin)素等對建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)形成(cheng)(cheng)損耗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些問(wen)題，尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)投入使用(yong)后(hou)，質量(liang)(liang)(liang)問(wen)題在所難免。建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中一(yi)些施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)步(bu)驟如果達標，就可以使發生(sheng)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可能性降低，其(qi)中建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)防(fang)(fang)滲(shen)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)常(chang)(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)問(wen)題之一(yi)。滲(shen)水(shui)、漏(lou)水(shui)現象不僅影(ying)響了(le)人(ren)們(men)(men)正常(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)居住(zhu)與(yu)使用(yong)，嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)會(hui)影(ying)響建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壽命與(yu)使用(yong)安全，對人(ren)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)身與(yu)財產安全形成(cheng)(cheng)極大威脅對于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)民(min)建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，做好(hao)(hao)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)防(fang)(fang)滲(shen)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)實現建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)提升(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必然(ran)要(yao)求(qiu)。

目前建(jian)筑(zhu)防水(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)大(da)(da)體上可分為五類，即瀝青防水(shui)卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)、高(gao)分子防水(shui)片材(cai)(cai)(cai)、建(jian)筑(zhu)防水(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)、建(jian)筑(zhu)密(mi)封材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)及防滲堵(du)漏(lou)等特種用(yong)途的(de)防水(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)。每種材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)各有其特性，因(yin)此必須根據的(de)部位、條件、所處的(de)環境、建(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)等級、功能需要，選用(yong)適當的(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)，發揮各類材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)特性，使(shi)之(zhi)獲(huo)得(de)最佳防水(shui)效果。依據不(bu)同的(de)工程部位來(lai)選材(cai)(cai)(cai)，其選擇標(biao)準也不(bu)一致。屋面因(yin)長期(qi)暴露(lu)，陽光、雪雨直接(jie)侵蝕，嚴冬酷暑溫度(du)變化大(da)(da)，晝夜之(zhi)間(jian)屋面板也會發生伸縮，因(yin)此應選用(yong)耐老化性能好的(de)，且有一定延(yan)伸性的(de)、耐熱(re)度(du)高(gao)的(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)。如聚脂胎(tai)改性瀝青卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)、三元乙(yi)丙片材(cai)(cai)(cai)或瀝青油(you)氈等。