現在防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料首(shou)要分為二(er)大類:一、柔性(xing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料，如(ru)：種材(cai)(cai)(cai)料卷材(cai)(cai)(cai)、JS復合材(cai)(cai)(cai)料、聚氨酯(zhi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料、防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)膠等(deng)等(deng)乳液性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)聚合物防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料。這(zhe)些材(cai)(cai)(cai)料首(shou)要是包(bao)裹住(zhu)基面(mian)(mian)，不讓水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)滲(shen)出和(he)滲(shen)入(ru)，這(zhe)些材(cai)(cai)(cai)料有必(bi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)延伸率和(he)抗(kang)(kang)拉才能。僅有缺陷這(zhe)些材(cai)(cai)(cai)料有必(bi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)年(nian)限，也就(jiu)是防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壽命(ming)。這(zhe)些材(cai)(cai)(cai)料廣(guang)泛用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)的(de)(de)(de)屋面(mian)(mian)、衛生間、伸縮縫、落水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)口、磚石等(deng)等(deng)基面(mian)(mian)上。二(er)、剛生防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料：望文生義，它有高強(qiang)度，但他缺少延伸率和(he)抗(kang)(kang)拉才能，但防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壽命(ming)長(chang)久施工后跟混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)同(tong)等(deng)，如(ru)：水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)不漏、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥基浸透結晶、浸透防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)劑、永凝(ning)液等(deng)等(deng)。它們是使用(yong)(yong)(yong)混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)結構的(de)(de)(de)多孔(kong)性(xing)透過毛(mao)細管(guan)現像，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)親水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)以水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為載體浸透到混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)內部，發生化學反應(ying)，形成(cheng)結晶體，堵信毛(mao)細孔(kong)到達防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)，添加混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)強(qiang)度，這(zhe)些材(cai)(cai)(cai)料廣(guang)泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)地下室(shi)、衛生間、污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池、蘊水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池、也可直接用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)飲用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池等(deng)等(deng)。所以現在一般防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)要求高的(de)(de)(de)，設計(ji)上會用(yong)(yong)(yong)剛柔結合的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)方案!

如果是露天陽臺，要進行補漏可以用柏油跟防水布雙重結合的方式來進行，如果是封閉式或者半封閉式陽臺，這樣的隱蔽工程是可以找新型建筑防水公司來進行補漏處理，個人施工還是有一定的難度。為了避免底板和外墻轉角處出現滲漏現象，在300mm高砼導墻施工嚴格把直把質量關，先把底板砼澆筑到吊模下口處的位置，等到砼即將補凝時再澆筑導墻砼。導墻砼澆筑時必須振搗密實，吊模下口翻出的砼不能急于刮除，來賓市建筑防水公司要(yao)特(te)別注(zhu)意(yi)在這個時(shi)(shi)候導墻根(gen)部的(de)砼(tong)不能再振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)，以免(mian)出現吊(diao)腳，導致滲(shen)漏故障的(de)發(fa)生。為了控(kong)制外墻蜂(feng)(feng)窩及裂縫的(de)產生，砼(tong)施工時(shi)(shi)要(yao)把握振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)搗和養護關。加強砼(tong)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)搗，執(zhi)行(xing)“快插慢拔(ba)”，嚴禁出現漏振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)或過振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)而引(yin)起蜂(feng)(feng)窩。

【補(bu)漏(lou)(lou)措施】(1)將(jiang)滲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)部(bu)位清理(li)干(gan)凈，用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)基防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)作堵(du)(du)(du)滲處(chu)理(li)。(2)將(jiang)滲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)部(bu)位清理(li)干(gan)凈后，提示(shi)用(yong)(yong)聚氨酯防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)等(deng)配(pei)合(he)纖(xian)維(wei)增(zeng)強(qiang)材料(liao)作堵(du)(du)(du)滲處(chu)理(li)。(3)在(zai)漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)部(bu)位嵌填，粘貼或注(zhu)入柔性或彈性防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材料(liao)；(4)在(zai)表面(mian)用(yong)(yong)彈性防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)和纖(xian)維(wei)材料(liao)做增(zeng)強(qiang)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層。(5)清理(li)管外側空(kong)間的嵌填密(mi)封(feng)材料(liao)或注(zhu)漿，嚴密(mi)堵(du)(du)(du)塞(sai)；(6)管與地(di)下室壁面(mian)連(lian)接(jie)根部(bu)用(yong)(yong)索涂(tu)(tu)(tu)高分(fen)子防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)配(pei)合(he)纖(xian)維(wei)材料(liao)做增(zeng)強(qiang)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層。介紹除可采用(yong)(yong)壁內和壁后注(zhu)漿，防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)混凝土貼壁襯(chen)砌、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)砂漿，掛(gua)網水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)砂漿抹面(mian)等(deng)方法外，也可采用(yong)(yong)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)，先引流排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，然后填縫堵(du)(du)(du)洞，杜絕滲漏(lou)(lou)。

屋(wu)面(mian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中，屋(wu)面(mian)防滲(shen)防漏(lou)(lou)是一(yi)項(xiang)非常(chang)重要的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量控制工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，更是一(yi)項(xiang)進行其(qi)它后續(xu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)基礎性工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，是其(qi)他工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)完成的(de)前(qian)提和保障。之所以重要，解釋原(yuan)因如(ru)下(xia):一(yi)、發(fa)(fa)生滲(shen)漏(lou)(lou)的(de)屋(wu)面(mian)，滲(shen)漏(lou)(lou)的(de)具體部(bu)位不容易查找，處理(li)過程受到天氣環境因素的(de)影響，處理(li)返(fan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)周期比較長，還(huan)(huan)不易取得較為理(li)想的(de)預期效(xiao)果。從屋(wu)面(mian)面(mian)層到結構板面(mian)基層工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)較多(duo)，處理(li)起來整個(ge)(ge)過程較為繁瑣。二、如(ru)果是開(kai)發(fa)(fa)商開(kai)發(fa)(fa)的(de)商品房，屋(wu)面(mian)滲(shen)漏(lou)(lou)問題(ti)還(huan)(huan)會直接影響開(kai)發(fa)(fa)商的(de)營(ying)銷網絡，屋(wu)面(mian)滲(shen)漏(lou)(lou)會導致小區樓(lou)盤出(chu)售困(kun)難甚至滯銷。試想，如(ru)果小區內經常(chang)發(fa)(fa)生屋(wu)面(mian)滲(shen)漏(lou)(lou)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量問題(ti)，有哪個(ge)(ge)小業(ye)主會買如(ru)此(ci)質(zhi)(zhi)量低劣的(de)房產。