施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖紙(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)是整(zheng)(zheng)個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)基礎，如果在設(she)計(ji)(ji)方案的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)定(ding)階段就存在不足或(huo)者出(chu)現實際施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)數值發生(sheng)偏差等問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，就會直接導致(zhi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)發生(sheng)，對(dui)(dui)整(zheng)(zheng)個建筑設(she)計(ji)(ji)過程(cheng)都(dou)造成嚴重的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)影響。提示建筑施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)開展必(bi)須要(yao)對(dui)(dui)房屋滲漏問(wen)題(ti)(ti)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)全面考慮(lv)，將可能出(chu)現在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)環節中的(de)(de)(de)滲漏問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，在設(she)計(ji)(ji)方案的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)定(ding)過程(cheng)中避(bi)免。在進(jin)行(xing)(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)定(ding)中，必(bi)須要(yao)嚴格(ge)按照國家相關建設(she)規定(ding)來進(jin)行(xing)(xing)，保證所采用的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)方案符合國家標準，同時設(she)計(ji)(ji)單位(wei)要(yao)在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)計(ji)(ji)前，對(dui)(dui)建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)所處的(de)(de)(de)環境進(jin)行(xing)(xing)詳細的(de)(de)(de)分析，了解施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所在地可能出(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)氣候狀況(kuang)，對(dui)(dui)可能出(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)氣候問(wen)題(ti)(ti)制(zhi)定(ding)好(hao)預防方案，保證施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員的(de)(de)(de)順利施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

家(jia)裝(zhuang)中(zhong)，關于防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)，常(chang)常(chang)會聽(ting)到這(zhe)樣一句話：衛(wei)生間(jian)必須做(zuo)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)，陽臺建(jian)議做(zuo)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)，廚房防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)可做(zuo)可不做(zuo)。事(shi)實上，廚衛(wei)、陽臺（露臺）都是家(jia)庭中(zhong)較(jiao)為潮濕的(de)區(qu)(qu)域，在裝(zhuang)修時，建(jian)議都做(zuo)好防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)，卻能(neng)給居家(jia)生活更全面、放心的(de)保障(zhang)。室內空間(jian)中(zhong)，衛(wei)生間(jian)應該是潮濕的(de)區(qu)(qu)域。如(ru)果衛(wei)生間(jian)有做(zuo)干濕分離，濕區(qu)(qu)（淋浴(yu)區(qu)(qu)）的(de)墻(qiang)面防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)要做(zuo)到1.8m+以上，浴(yu)缸的(de)墻(qiang)面防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)要做(zuo)到1.5m左右；干區(qu)(qu)墻(qiang)面則建(jian)議做(zuo)到30cm左右，而洗(xi)漱臺處(chu)的(de)墻(qiang)面防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)需(xu)做(zuo)到1.2m左右。

涂(tu)(tu)刷防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)：衛(wei)生(sheng)間是(shi)家庭(ting)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點位(wei)置，裝修時一定要做(zuo)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，以(yi)聚(ju)合(he)物水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)基防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)為(wei)例(li)，有通用(yong)型(xing)GS防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)和(he)柔(rou)韌(ren)型(xing)JS防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)，將材(cai)料(liao)涂(tu)(tu)刷兩(liang)遍，前(qian)后垂直(zhi)交叉，單層(ceng)(ceng)厚度(du)為(wei)0.8～1mm，兩(liang)層(ceng)(ceng)厚度(du)不超過(guo)2mm。陰陽角、上(shang)(shang)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)與地(di)(di)面的(de)(de)(de)接縫處：滲(shen)漏(lou)(lou)多發生(sheng)在(zai)穿過(guo)樓層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)根(gen)(gen)、地(di)(di)漏(lou)(lou)、衛(wei)生(sheng)潔具及陰陽角等(deng)部(bu)位(wei)，原(yuan)因(yin)是(shi)管(guan)根(gen)(gen)、地(di)(di)漏(lou)(lou)等(deng)部(bu)位(wei)松動(dong)、黏結不牢、涂(tu)(tu)刷不嚴密或防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)局部(bu)損壞、部(bu)件搭接長度(du)不夠(gou)。這(zhe)些(xie)邊(bian)邊(bian)角角是(shi)最容易出(chu)現滲(shen)漏(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)，要注意(yi)細節的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)一定要涂(tu)(tu)刷到(dao)位(wei)。管(guan)道、地(di)(di)漏(lou)(lou)等(deng)穿越樓板時，其(qi)孔洞周邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)必須(xu)認真(zhen)施(shi)工(gong)。上(shang)(shang)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)一律要做(zuo)好水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)護根(gen)(gen)，從地(di)(di)面起向上(shang)(shang)刷10～20cm的(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)氨(an)酯防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)，然后在(zai)地(di)(di)面再做(zuo)聚(ju)氨(an)酯防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)，加上(shang)(shang)原(yuan)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)，組成復(fu)合(he)型(xing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)，以(yi)增強防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)性能。

（1）外墻清(qing)洗第一天(tian)(tian)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)，現場(chang)主(zhu)管(guan)需要帶領安全(quan)(quan)員檢查并做好落實(shi)安全(quan)(quan)措(cuo)施；（2）待確認安全(quan)(quan)措(cuo)施無誤(wu)，現場(chang)主(zhu)管(guan)可指揮作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)人員進入工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)區域；（3）外墻清(qing)洗施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中隨時保持高度警(jing)惕，發現隱患，應(ying)立(li)即采取果(guo)斷措(cuo)施及時糾正；（4）檢查安全(quan)(quan)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)執行(xing)情況，勿(wu)使松懈；（5）每(mei)天(tian)(tian)協(xie)同甲方負責人員對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)進行(xing)驗收，應(ying)對出現的質量問題(ti)及時安排返工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)；（6）每(mei)天(tian)(tian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)結束(shu)檢查、驗收無誤(wu)后，向公司匯(hui)報當(dang)天(tian)(tian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)情況。主(zhu)管(guan)雖然不用(yong)上陣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，但是在底(di)下(xia)做好管(guan)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)也相(xiang)當(dang)重要，更利于提高工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的效率，降低危險性。

對于(yu)目前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工技術工藝來說，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)通(tong)(tong)常(chang)不會(hui)(hui)出現大面(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滲漏(lou)現象(xiang)，然(ran)而，這部分極易(yi)被人疏忽(hu)，外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滲水(shui)(shui)會(hui)(hui)對建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正常(chang)使用造(zao)成更嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)滲水(shui)(shui)現象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)因(yin)(yin)多(duo)樣，除了人為原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)，一般多(duo)因(yin)(yin)為建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)結構的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變形，接縫不嚴(yan)密，外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)道季節性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破裂等等，由于(yu)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)多(duo)樣，并且(qie)伴有連(lian)鎖反應(ying)，要求施(shi)工與維(wei)修人員在(zai)對外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)滲水(shui)(shui)事故(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)治理中應(ying)根據實地實際，查(cha)明原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)，找(zhao)出根源，細致分析采取具有針對性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、能夠治根的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法進行維(wei)修。發(fa)現施(shi)工材(cai)料對于(yu)外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)滲水(shui)(shui)漏(lou)水(shui)(shui)仍(reng)然(ran)是事故(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)料主(zhu)要采用普通(tong)(tong)混(hun)凝土(tu)，雖(sui)然(ran)不易(yi)產生滲水(shui)(shui)事故(gu)，但這樣材(cai)質發(fa)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)滲漏(lou)事故(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出現比率高達百(bai)分之九十以上(shang)，如何在(zai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)升級與技術革新上(shang)，解決滲水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頑(wan)疾，需要引起(qi)土(tu)建(jian)(jian)工作者(zhe)高度關注。

我們都知道地下室防水的設計對建筑物的影響非常大，設計時要綜合多方面的因素，采用剛柔相接，因地制宜，綜合治理，防、排、堵相結合的原則。專業樓頂翻修根據現場的走訪和多年的防水施工經驗來給大家介紹一下東興市廠家：a.地下(xia)室結(jie)構室外(wai)頂(ding)板(ban)宜優先采(cai)用(yong)結(jie)構起坡。b.地下(xia)室頂(ding)板(ban)上(shang)有覆土(tu)(tu)時(shi)，可設(she)塑料(liao)排(pai)水板(ban)濾水層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)有組織收集積(ji)水，但必須進(jin)行專(zhuan)項節點(dian)設(she)計。c.當地下(xia)室頂(ding)板(ban)被變形縫(feng)(feng)分隔(ge)時(shi)，變形縫(feng)(feng)應作為(wei)種植分區邊界，不得跨縫(feng)(feng)種植。d.當地下(xia)室頂(ding)板(ban)上(shang)無覆土(tu)(tu)時(shi)，可在卷材防(fang)(fang)水的剛(gang)性(xing)保護層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)上(shang)直(zhi)接(jie)做(zuo)飾面(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。e.也可采(cai)用(yong)單層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)防(fang)(fang)水做(zuo)法。