在(zai)(zai)墻(qiang)(qiang)板(ban)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)配(pei)合比(bi)(bi)設計(ji)試配(pei)，確定設計(ji)配(pei)合比(bi)(bi)階段(duan)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)了降低水(shui)灰比(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)(de)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)。底板(ban)與墻(qiang)(qiang)板(ban)同為(wei)(wei)(wei)C30P12，而(er)底板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)灰比(bi)(bi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)0.47。而(er)墻(qiang)(qiang)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)灰比(bi)(bi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)0.41，混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)坍(tan)落度指(zhi)標底板(ban)為(wei)(wei)(wei)18～20厘米，墻(qiang)(qiang)板(ban)坍(tan)落度指(zhi)標控制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)14～16厘米。采(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)該措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)于減少用(yong)水(shui)量、降低混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)收縮。在(zai)(zai)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)澆筑階段(duan)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)二次(ci)振(zhen)搗(dao)的(de)(de)(de)工藝，即(ji)在(zai)(zai)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)初(chu)凝(ning)前(qian)進行二次(ci)振(zhen)搗(dao)。避免混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)因沉降收縮而(er)引起的(de)(de)(de)裂縫(feng)。提醒這些措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)控制(zhi)墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)裂縫(feng)的(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現是非(fei)常有必要的(de)(de)(de)。在(zai)(zai)澆筑過程中其他方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)均與底板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)法相同。

防(fang)水(shui)(shui)防(fang)滲(shen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)水(shui)(shui)平是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)民建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要體(ti)現(xian)(xian)，是(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑整體(ti)完(wan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)后重(zhong)點(dian)驗(yan)收(shou)環節(jie)，也是(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑在使(shi)(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)要不斷完(wan)善與改造的(de)(de)(de)部分。做好(hao)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)防(fang)滲(shen)關(guan)系到(dao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑的(de)(de)(de)正常使(shi)(shi)用(yong)、人(ren)民人(ren)身(shen)及財產安(an)全的(de)(de)(de)大(da)事，必須(xu)不斷的(de)(de)(de)完(wan)善，重(zhong)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)與建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑的(de)(de)(de)實用(yong)是(shi)衡量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)整體(ti)結果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)優(you)劣(lie)的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)，其中(zhong)(zhong)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)高低是(shi)人(ren)們(men)(men)為關(guan)心的(de)(de)(de)。但無論從建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)全過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，還是(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)之中(zhong)(zhong)，都會(hui)遇到(dao)材(cai)料老化、偶然事件、環境因素(su)等對(dui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)形成損耗的(de)(de)(de)一些問(wen)(wen)題(ti)，尤其是(shi)投入使(shi)(shi)用(yong)后，質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)在所(suo)難免。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)一些施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)步驟(zou)如果(guo)達標，就(jiu)可以使(shi)(shi)發生質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)可能性降低，其中(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)防(fang)滲(shen)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)就(jiu)是(shi)常見的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)之一。滲(shen)水(shui)(shui)、漏水(shui)(shui)現(xian)(xian)象不僅(jin)影響(xiang)了人(ren)們(men)(men)正常的(de)(de)(de)居住與使(shi)(shi)用(yong)，嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)會(hui)影響(xiang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑的(de)(de)(de)壽命與使(shi)(shi)用(yong)安(an)全，對(dui)人(ren)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)身(shen)與財產安(an)全形成極大(da)威(wei)脅對(dui)于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)民建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，做好(hao)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)防(fang)滲(shen)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，是(shi)實現(xian)(xian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)提升的(de)(de)(de)必然要求。

混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土澆筑正值(zhi)7～8月份高(gao)溫季(ji)節，易造(zao)成(cheng)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土坍(tan)落(luo)度損(sun)(sun)失加大(da)，降(jiang)低混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土工作度方(fang)面的(de)要求，加之可能出(chu)現的(de)運(yun)輸途中(zhong)堵車(che)或(huo)施工中(zhong)出(chu)現臨時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)需處(chu)理(li)的(de)問題，使澆搗速(su)度減(jian)緩，延誤了混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土的(de)入模(mo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間，因(yin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間延長(chang)造(zao)成(cheng)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土坍(tan)落(luo)度損(sun)(sun)失加大(da)，致使不能滿足(zu)泵送要求，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應嚴禁加入生水(shui)，而應采取二次摻(chan)(chan)(chan)少(shao)量的(de)FDN2I減(jian)水(shui)劑的(de)后摻(chan)(chan)(chan)法(fa)，補(bu)償(chang)和(he)恢復混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土的(de)坍(tan)落(luo)度損(sun)(sun)失。在(zai)配合(he)比(bi)中(zhong)FDN2I減(jian)水(shui)劑量為0.8%，地(di)般該(gai)減(jian)水(shui)劑的(de)摻(chan)(chan)(chan)量地(di)高(gao)為1%，在(zai)后摻(chan)(chan)(chan)減(jian)水(shui)劑時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)只(zhi)考慮在(zai)0.2%以內。后摻(chan)(chan)(chan)法(fa)比(bi)先(xian)摻(chan)(chan)(chan)法(fa)或(huo)同摻(chan)(chan)(chan)法(fa)在(zai)相(xiang)同摻(chan)(chan)(chan)量下減(jian)水(shui)作用(yong)顯著提(ti)高(gao)，是能補(bu)償(chang)坍(tan)落(luo)度損(sun)(sun)失的(de)。但應注意凡后摻(chan)(chan)(chan)減(jian)水(shui)劑的(de)運(yun)輸車(che)，應快速(su)攪拌30轉或(huo)1秒以上。其(qi)摻(chan)(chan)(chan)量和(he)攪拌時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間由專(zhuan)人負(fu)責實施。

防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理應該(gai)先清(qing)除窗(chuang)縫的(de)填充物(wu)，然后再注入防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)堵漏(lou)材(cai)(cai)料。另(ling)外窗(chuang)框的(de)四周應該(gai)涂上2mm厚的(de)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)料地(di)面(mian)(mian)和(he)墻面(mian)(mian)的(de)交角(jiao)(jiao)以及陰陽角(jiao)(jiao)部分常由于混凝土(tu)和(he)砂漿的(de)熱脹冷縮導致開裂(lie)，這部分適合使(shi)用防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)卷材(cai)(cai)進行(xing)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理；過(guo)石門(men)下(xia)面(mian)(mian)也是滲漏(lou)情況(kuang)出(chu)現較多(duo)(duo)的(de)地(di)方(fang)，施工時(shi)，在(zai)過(guo)石門(men)下(xia)面(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)先做一(yi)個(ge)地(di)帶，防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)一(yi)定要(yao)(yao)卷到(dao)地(di)帶之上，形(xing)成一(yi)個(ge)盆狀，才能發(fa)揮蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)、擋水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)功(gong)能；地(di)漏(lou)處(chu)屬于水(shui)(shui)(shui)流的(de)出(chu)口，接觸水(shui)(shui)(shui)最(zui)多(duo)(duo)，在(zai)裝修(xiu)時(shi)地(di)漏(lou)就是需要(yao)(yao)重點處(chu)理的(de)地(di)方(fang)，不(bu)僅(jin)所處(chu)坡度要(yao)(yao)低(di)于其他區(qu)域，而且防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)料也需要(yao)(yao)多(duo)(duo)刷幾次。

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防(fang)(fang)水一(yi)般需要做兩遍，48小(xiao)時后做閉(bi)水試驗，確定(ding)無滲漏(lou)，防(fang)(fang)水方為合格。防(fang)(fang)水材(cai)料(liao)一(yi)般具有(you)隔水的(de)(de)(de)效果，同時會降(jiang)低水泥砂漿的(de)(de)(de)附(fu)著(zhu)力。貼(tie)瓷磚時，可(ke)使用墻錮(gu)或瓷磚膠來增強其(qi)附(fu)著(zhu)力。其(qi)實，一(yi)般開發(fa)商做的(de)(de)(de)遍防(fang)(fang)水都很水，可(ke)能會采用比較(jiao)差點防(fang)(fang)水材(cai)料(liao)，時間(jian)久了，防(fang)(fang)水效果會大(da)打折扣，到時候(hou)再補(bu)救為時已晚(wan)。而(er)且，后期裝修(xiu)時可(ke)能會破壞原開發(fa)商做的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)水，所以，裝修(xiu)時做防(fang)(fang)水是很有(you)必(bi)要的(de)(de)(de)。提示防(fang)(fang)水是家裝中很重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)道工序，尤其(qi)是夏季降(jiang)水豐富(fu)，如果你(ni)不想屋外下大(da)雨，屋內下小(xiao)雨，在(zai)裝修(xiu)時一(yi)定(ding)要做好防(fang)(fang)水，避免(mian)給自己和樓下鄰居的(de)(de)(de)居家生活造成(cheng)不必(bi)要的(de)(de)(de)困(kun)擾(rao)。