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大家都(dou)知道，房子(zi)漏(lou)水(shui)(shui)特別是(shi)地下室漏(lou)水(shui)(shui)是(shi)一件麻煩(fan)的(de)事情，地下室剛(gang)性防(fang)水(shui)(shui)方(fang)面，應(ying)提高混凝土(tu)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量以及減少混凝土(tu)的(de)開裂情況，以下是(shi)顧得防(fang)水(shui)(shui)整理的(de)一些提高質量減少開裂的(de)具體施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術。模(mo)板(ban)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中，首先，要(yao)對重要(yao)構件的(de)模(mo)板(ban)和支撐進行(xing)計(ji)算，確保模(mo)板(ban)體系具有足夠的(de)強(qiang)度(du)(du)和剛(gang)度(du)(du)：其次(ci)，模(mo)板(ban)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)時要(yao)控制模(mo)板(ban)尺寸和因周轉次(ci)數過多(duo)而出現損壞(huai)的(de)模(mo)板(ban)：再(zai)次(ci)，模(mo)板(ban)安裝時要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)安裝順序(xu)、大跨度(du)(du)構件的(de)起拱、陰陽角部(bu)位的(de)支護：最后(hou)，模(mo)板(ban)拆(chai)(chai)除(chu)時要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)混凝土(tu)的(de)強(qiang)度(du)(du)要(yao)達到相應(ying)要(yao)求(qiu)方(fang)可拆(chai)(chai)除(chu)。

單一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑材料雖然具有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)，但必(bi)須(xu)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)操(cao)作(zuo)與組合(he)，才(cai)能(neng)構成土木建(jian)筑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程，并獲得相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)功(gong)能(neng)。因(yin)此歷來(lai)把施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)操(cao)作(zuo)與組合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完(wan)美性(xing)(xing)，視為(wei)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程成敗(bai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵。無論是(shi)各(ge)類(lei)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)卷(juan)材還是(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)涂料，均(jun)(jun)必(bi)須(xu)與防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)基層(ceng)緊密粘貼或黏結，并使兩者成為(wei)整體(ti)后，才(cai)能(neng)有(you)(you)(you)可靠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)屏障。通(tong)過(guo)(guo)長期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程實踐和(he)研究后認為(wei)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)基層(ceng)表面(mian)(即(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)面(mian))必(bi)須(xu)具備“干燥、清潔和(he)適當溫度”這一(yi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三大先決條(tiao)件后，方可進(jin)行柔(rou)性(xing)(xing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，這在中外建(jian)筑規范(fan)和(he)相(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教材、理(li)論書籍中均(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)(you)論述。多年(nian)來(lai)隨(sui)著(zhu)科學技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)斷發展，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)了很大改進(jin)，諸如(ru)為(wei)了減少卷(juan)材起鼓與開裂，可采用空鋪法(fa)、條(tiao)(點)粘法(fa)、熱熔(rong)法(fa)、冷(leng)粘法(fa)等措施(shi)(shi)。應指出，上述工(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)與措施(shi)(shi)均(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)局限性(xing)(xing)，而要使防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程做(zuo)到滴水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)不(bu)(bu)漏，仍(reng)應全面(mian)遵守有(you)(you)(you)關施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)條(tiao)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)。

房屋漏水(shui)有(you)一(yi)個(ge)很(hen)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)原因就是防水(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料老化，因此防水(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料的(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)尤(you)為(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)。第(di)一(yi)，從(cong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)上，要(yao)考慮材(cai)(cai)(cai)料的(de)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和適應(ying)范圍。注重(zhong)(zhong)剛(gang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和柔軟的(de)組合，具有(you)很(hen)多優(you)勢，例如延展性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)，適應(ying)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)強，可以(yi)(yi)避(bi)免(mian)耐(nai)熱性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)差，易老化的(de)缺(que)點。解(jie)釋而混凝土材(cai)(cai)(cai)質耐(nai)久性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)強，耐(nai)穿(chuan)刺性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)，可以(yi)(yi)避(bi)免(mian)抗拉(la)強度差，變(bian)形適應(ying)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)差的(de)缺(que)點。大大提高(gao)了屋頂的(de)整體防水(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。第(di)二，選(xuan)(xuan)用兩種防水(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料，上層(ceng)選(xuan)(xuan)用APP改性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)瀝青(qing)時，下層(ceng)應(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)防水(shui)涂層(ceng)，或(huo)易熱熔的(de)SBS防水(shui)卷(juan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)。

隨(sui)著建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)事業在我國的(de)(de)發展，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施工(gong)(gong)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)受到了(le)廣泛的(de)(de)關注，根(gen)據(ju)調(diao)查(cha)顯示(shi)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)的(de)(de)水滲漏(lou)(lou)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)一直是(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)質(zhi)量(liang)提高的(de)(de)難點，想要解(jie)決這(zhe)一問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)需要投入大量(liang)的(de)(de)人力物力，增加(jia)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設成本，同時還會嚴重(zhong)影(ying)響建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設速度和質(zhi)量(liang)。如果在建(jian)(jian)(jian)設過(guo)程中(zhong)不(bu)能徹底(di)解(jie)決，還會影(ying)響到住宅用戶的(de)(de)生活，水滲透(tou)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)會出現在不(bu)同的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)類型中(zhong)，產生問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)原因(yin)受環境和員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)影(ying)響也存在著多種可能，因(yin)此，在進行(xing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)過(guo)程中(zhong)，員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)要提高自(zi)己的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作素養，防止滲漏(lou)(lou)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)出現。

1.成(cheng)品(pin)保(bao)護不(bu)(bu)善。解釋購置的地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)堵漏(lou)(lou)材料或已完工(gong)(gong)的地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)堵漏(lou)(lou)層(ceng),由(you)于保(bao)管不(bu)(bu)善,施(shi)工(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)慎造(zao)成(cheng)破壞(huai)且未及時(shi)修補(bu)而(er)造(zao)成(cheng)滲漏(lou)(lou)。2.混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)保(bao)護層(ceng)厚度不(bu)(bu)夠(gou)。介紹混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)保(bao)護層(ceng)按規范要求(qiu)應為厚, 但施(shi)工(gong)(gong)時(shi)常常由(you)于不(bu)(bu)能保(bao)證而(er)出現(xian)裂縫(feng), 造(zao)成(cheng)滲漏(lou)(lou)。3.不(bu)(bu)重視細部(bu)的構造(zao)處理,對變形縫(feng)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)縫(feng)、后(hou)澆(jiao)帶、預(yu)留(liu)接口、混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)主體結(jie)構等部(bu)位(wei)采取(qu)的地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)堵漏(lou)(lou)措施(shi)不(bu)(bu)當。4.地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)堵漏(lou)(lou)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)配合比(bi)在現(xian)場施(shi)工(gong)(gong)時(shi)配制(zhi)不(bu)(bu)準確,特(te)別是水灰比(bi)增大(da),使混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)收(shou)縮大(da),出現(xian)裂縫(feng)引起滲漏(lou)(lou)。5.混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)養(yang)護不(bu)(bu)良造(zao)成(cheng)早期失水嚴重,形成(cheng)滲漏(lou)(lou)。6.對混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)圍護結(jie)構不(bu)(bu)采用地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)堵漏(lou)(lou)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu),而(er)只做柔性(xing)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)堵漏(lou)(lou)層(ceng)。