我們都(dou)知道地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)的(de)設計(ji)對建筑物的(de)影響非(fei)常大，設計(ji)時(shi)(shi)要綜(zong)合(he)(he)多(duo)(duo)方面的(de)因素，采用(yong)(yong)剛(gang)柔(rou)相(xiang)接，因地(di)(di)制(zhi)宜，綜(zong)合(he)(he)治理，防(fang)、排、堵相(xiang)結合(he)(he)的(de)原(yuan)則。根據現場的(de)走訪和多(duo)(duo)年(nian)的(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)施工經驗來給大家介紹一下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)：a.地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)結構室(shi)(shi)(shi)外頂板(ban)(ban)宜優先采用(yong)(yong)結構起坡(po)。b.地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)頂板(ban)(ban)上(shang)有覆土時(shi)(shi)，可設塑料排水(shui)(shui)板(ban)(ban)濾水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)有組織收集積水(shui)(shui)，但必須(xu)進行專項節點設計(ji)。c.當(dang)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)頂板(ban)(ban)被變形(xing)縫(feng)分(fen)隔(ge)時(shi)(shi)，變形(xing)縫(feng)應(ying)作為(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)區邊界，不得跨縫(feng)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)。d.當(dang)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)頂板(ban)(ban)上(shang)無覆土時(shi)(shi)，可在(zai)卷材防(fang)水(shui)(shui)的(de)剛(gang)性保護(hu)層(ceng)(ceng)上(shang)直接做(zuo)(zuo)飾面層(ceng)(ceng)。e.也(ye)可采用(yong)(yong)單層(ceng)(ceng)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)做(zuo)(zuo)法。

如(ru)果陽(yang)(yang)臺(tai)(tai)的(de)地面(mian)上(shang)出(chu)現了積水(shui)(shui)(shui)或者陽(yang)(yang)臺(tai)(tai)漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)，這個時候就要對(dui)陽(yang)(yang)臺(tai)(tai)進行(xing)設計了。陽(yang)(yang)臺(tai)(tai)補漏完(wan)成之后，要注意加強抗滲(shen)砼的(de)養護，派專人完(wan)成，保證砼表(biao)面(mian)保持濕(shi)潤狀(zhuang)態(tai)，養護時間不(bu)少于(yu)14天(tian)。最后進行(xing)外墻防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)施工的(de)時候，先進行(xing)結構(gou)外墻蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)試驗(yan)確保無滲(shen)漏現象，對(dui)有濕(shi)澤的(de)地方(fang)增加一道(dao)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)涂料，對(dui)螺(luo)栓孔處(chu)，鑿(zao)除小木塊用1:2水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥砂漿修補，對(dui)陽(yang)(yang)角(jiao)及施工縫(feng)處(chu)在(zai)大面(mian)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)前必須做一道(dao)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)附加層(ceng)。

防水(shui)(shui)防滲(shen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)水(shui)(shui)平是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)民建(jian)(jian)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要體現，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)整體完(wan)(wan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)后重點(dian)(dian)驗收(shou)環節，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)使(shi)用中(zhong)要不(bu)斷完(wan)(wan)善與(yu)改造的(de)(de)(de)(de)部分。做好防水(shui)(shui)防滲(shen)關(guan)(guan)系到建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)常(chang)使(shi)用、人(ren)(ren)(ren)民人(ren)(ren)(ren)身(shen)及(ji)財產安全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大事(shi)，必(bi)須不(bu)斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)完(wan)(wan)善，重點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研究。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)質(zhi)量(liang)與(yu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實用是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)衡量(liang)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)整體結(jie)果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優劣的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)鍵，其(qi)中(zhong)，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高低是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們為關(guan)(guan)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)。但無論從建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)全(quan)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用之中(zhong)，都會遇到材料老化、偶然(ran)事(shi)件、環境因素(su)等(deng)對(dui)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)質(zhi)量(liang)形成損耗(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些問題(ti)，尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)投入使(shi)用后，質(zhi)量(liang)問題(ti)在(zai)所難免。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)一(yi)些施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)步驟如果(guo)達標，就可以(yi)使(shi)發生質(zhi)量(liang)問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可能性降低，其(qi)中(zhong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)防水(shui)(shui)防滲(shen)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)問題(ti)之一(yi)。滲(shen)水(shui)(shui)、漏水(shui)(shui)現象不(bu)僅影響了(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們正(zheng)常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)居住與(yu)使(shi)用，嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)會影響建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壽命與(yu)使(shi)用安全(quan)，對(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)身(shen)與(yu)財產安全(quan)形成極大威脅(xie)對(dui)于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)民建(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，做好防水(shui)(shui)防滲(shen)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)實現建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)提(ti)升的(de)(de)(de)(de)必(bi)然(ran)要求。

（1）稱(cheng)重量。目前市場(chang)上的(de)很多在(zai)(zai)重量上跟桶上標明的(de)重量會有(you)些(xie)差距，消費(fei)(fei)者在(zai)(zai)購買時可(ke)以現場(chang)進行(xing)稱(cheng)量，以免被(bei)蒙。（2）查(cha)詢(xun)(xun)防(fang)偽碼。現在(zai)(zai)造假(jia)者也會自(zi)設查(cha)詢(xun)(xun)電話和查(cha)詢(xun)(xun)條碼，消費(fei)(fei)者可(ke)上網(wang)(wang)站查(cha)找正品(pin)(pin)商(shang)標生產企業的(de)網(wang)(wang)站，根據(ju)網(wang)(wang)站上提示(shi)的(de)查(cha)詢(xun)(xun)電話查(cha)詢(xun)(xun)。（3）檢查(cha)防(fang)水效果。以聚(ju)合(he)物(wu)防(fang)水材料為(wei)例(li)，正品(pin)(pin)產品(pin)(pin)可(ke)以從(cong)墻(qiang)壁、地板上用小刀取下膠皮(pi)，對(dui)折(zhe)不(bu)會破，有(you)延伸性。許多偽劣(lie)、假(jia)冒產品(pin)(pin)呈粉狀，很難從(cong)墻(qiang)上取下，對(dui)折(zhe)會破。

屋面墊層是在十九世紀七十年代后期進入美國市場，作為保大多數的坡屋面本身并沒有防水功能。坡屋面的作用是用于排水，而冰壩的形成將導致屋面積水，水就會找到路徑進入屋內。當冰壩產生的濕氣滲入外墻的空隙時，墻體及保溫層就會變得潮濕，這便是霉菌滋生的理想環境。正規伸縮縫堵漏介紹屋面墊層是在十九世紀七十年代后期進入美國市場，sbs防水卷材冷粘法作為保護傳統的坡屋面在寒冷環境中由于冰壩而引起滲漏的一種手段。在寒冷的天氣中，當冰壩形成后而水堆積在瓦的下面時，問題就會產生。崇左市伸縮縫堵漏了(le)解(jie)到后來，墊層材(cai)料開(kai)始被應用于溫(wen)和氣候條件下的建筑物中，以防止(zhi)屋(wu)面因風(feng)吹積雨引起的滲(shen)漏，或保護即(ji)使(shi)在(zai)正常情況下也可能滲(shen)漏的復雜(za)節(jie)點部位。