現在防水材料首要分為二大類:一、柔性防水材料，如：種材料卷材、JS復合材料、聚氨酯防水材料、防水膠等等乳液性的聚合物防水材料。這些材料首要是包裹住基面，不讓水滲出和滲入，這些材料有必定的延伸率和抗拉才能。僅有缺陷這些材料有必定的防水年限，也就是防水壽命。這些材料廣泛用于防城港市后澆帶堵漏的屋面、衛生間、伸縮縫、落水口、磚石等等基面上。二、剛生防水材料：望文生義，它有高強度，但他缺少延伸率和抗拉才能，但防水壽命長久施工后跟混凝土同等，如：水不漏、水泥基浸透結晶、浸透防水劑、永凝液等等。它們是使用混凝土結構的多孔性透過毛細管現像，使用親水性以水為載體浸透到混凝土內部，發生化學反應，形成結晶體，堵信毛細孔到達防水作用，添加混凝土強度，這些材料廣泛應用于地下室、衛生間、污水池、蘊水池、也可直接用于飲用水池等等。所以現在一般防水要求高的正規后澆帶堵漏，設計上會用(yong)剛柔(rou)結合的防水方(fang)案!

防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)防(fang)(fang)(fang)滲(shen)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)水(shui)(shui)平是工(gong)(gong)民(min)(min)建(jian)(jian)(jian)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要體(ti)現，是建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)整體(ti)完工(gong)(gong)后(hou)重(zhong)(zhong)點驗收環(huan)節，也是建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)要不(bu)(bu)斷完善與(yu)改造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)。做好防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)防(fang)(fang)(fang)滲(shen)關(guan)系到(dao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正常(chang)(chang)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)、人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)人(ren)(ren)身及(ji)財產安全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大事，必須(xu)不(bu)(bu)斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完善，重(zhong)(zhong)點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究。建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)質(zhi)量與(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實用(yong)(yong)是衡量建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)整體(ti)結果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優劣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵，其(qi)中(zhong)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高低是人(ren)(ren)們(men)為(wei)關(guan)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。但(dan)無論從建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)全(quan)(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，還是建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)之中(zhong)，都會遇到(dao)材料老(lao)化、偶然(ran)(ran)事件、環(huan)境因素等對建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)質(zhi)量形成損耗(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一些問(wen)題，尤(you)其(qi)是投入使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)后(hou)，質(zhi)量問(wen)題在(zai)所難免。建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)一些施(shi)工(gong)(gong)步驟如果達標，就可(ke)以使(shi)(shi)(shi)發生(sheng)質(zhi)量問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)能性降低，其(qi)中(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)防(fang)(fang)(fang)滲(shen)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)就是常(chang)(chang)見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量問(wen)題之一。滲(shen)水(shui)(shui)、漏水(shui)(shui)現象不(bu)(bu)僅影響(xiang)了(le)人(ren)(ren)們(men)正常(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)居住與(yu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)，嚴重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)會影響(xiang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壽命與(yu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)，對人(ren)(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)身與(yu)財產安全(quan)(quan)(quan)形成極大威脅對于工(gong)(gong)民(min)(min)建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，做好防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)防(fang)(fang)(fang)滲(shen)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，是實現建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量提升的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必然(ran)(ran)要求。

1、廚衛原(yuan)有的防(fang)水(shui)(shui)層在(zai)重新裝修時，很容易(yi)被破(po)壞，在(zai)施工時盡(jin)量要(yao)保護好(hao)(hao)，如果(guo)不小(xiao)心破(po)壞了，要(yao)及(ji)時修補好(hao)(hao)。將原(yuan)來(lai)的瓷(ci)磚(zhuan)都鑿干凈后，先用(yong)水(shui)(shui)泥砂漿把鑿過的地面抹平(ping)，接著(zhu)用(yong)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)涂(tu)料(liao)涂(tu)刷2-3遍，提示(shi)涂(tu)刷時要(yao)均勻，保持(chi)厚度一致。2、如果(guo)漏水(shui)(shui)從表(biao)面能看出(chu)明(ming)顯的漏水(shui)(shui)位置，可(ke)采用(yong)堵漏王進(jin)行(xing)修補，但如果(guo)表(biao)面查(cha)看不出(chu)，而確實(shi)出(chu)現(xian)大面積漏水(shui)(shui)，處理起來(lai)就相對(dui)麻(ma)煩。一種(zhong)方法是(shi)(shi)敲掉地面的瓷(ci)磚(zhuan)，處理好(hao)(hao)基面，全部的衛生間整體(ti)再做一次防(fang)水(shui)(shui)；解釋(shi)另一種(zhong)方法是(shi)(shi)從樓下的天花板處查(cha)看漏水(shui)(shui)點，采用(yong)高壓灌漿法進(jin)行(xing)堵漏。

發(fa)現對(dui)眾多(duo)(duo)堵(du)(du)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)和防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的技術(shu)(shu)性能不了解(jie),不重視研(yan)究防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)技術(shu)(shu),國內的防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)堵(du)(du)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)大多(duo)(duo)不過(guo)關。施工時不找(zhao)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)點、漏(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)線；見(jian)縫(feng)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)即騎縫(feng)打(da)眼灌漿(jiang)；見(jian)墻(qiang)面滲(shen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)即滿墻(qiang)打(da)眼灌漿(jiang)或(huo)在(zai)墻(qiang)面涂刷表面材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)；見(jian)沉降(jiang)縫(feng)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)即剔鑿填充剛性防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)或(huo)灌注熱(re)瀝(li)青堵(du)(du)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)等(deng)等(deng),提示這種盲目(mu)打(da)眼、盲目(mu)灌漿(jiang)、盲目(mu)堵(du)(du)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)的最(zui)終結果是鉆(zhan)孔不進(jin)漿(jiang)或(huo)不易進(jin)漿(jiang),沉降(jiang)縫(feng)堵(du)(du)剛性防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao),裂縫(feng)后繼續(xu)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),未(wei)真正將漏(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)點、漏(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)線、漏(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)縫(feng)堵(du)(du)嚴,造成(cheng)(cheng)堵(du)(du)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)不成(cheng)(cheng)功；單純采(cai)用(yong)各種材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)在(zai)砂漿(jiang)層或(huo)混凝土(tu)表面涂刷成(cheng)(cheng)膜堵(du)(du)漏(lou)(lou)(lou),忽視了隱(yin)蔽漏(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)點、漏(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)縫(feng)的處理,只(zhi)有(you)點堵(du)(du)、線堵(du)(du)和面涂堵(du)(du)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)相結合才能成(cheng)(cheng)功；對(dui)重點漏(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)部位和沉降(jiang)縫(feng)堵(du)(du)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)應采(cai)用(yong)多(duo)(duo)道防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)線。

滲(shen)漏(lou)的水(shui)(shui)會(hui)部分被自家(jia)墻(qiang)體(ti)吸收(shou)，導(dao)致墻(qiang)面起殼、脫落，裝飾面遭到(dao)破壞，不(bu)僅嚴重(zhong)(zhong)影響室內裝飾的使用和美觀，還(huan)大大降(jiang)低居住(zhu)環境的舒適度(du)。提(ti)示如果(guo)長(chang)期滲(shen)漏(lou)，家(jia)里(li)的地(di)板、廚柜等物品(pin)(pin)就會(hui)受潮、霉(mei)變，產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)對人(ren)體(ti)有(you)(you)害的霉(mei)菌，而且容易引(yin)發(fa)皮(pi)膚病，長(chang)期下去更是(shi)容易導(dao)致風濕病、關節炎等炎癥。家(jia)里(li)漏(lou)水(shui)(shui)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)時，鄰(lin)居也會(hui)被連累遭受財產(chan)(chan)損失，“賠禮賠錢”都是(shi)常態，處(chu)理不(bu)好，還(huan)有(you)(you)可(ke)能導(dao)致鄰(lin)里(li)關系惡劣，引(yin)發(fa)鄰(lin)里(li)糾紛。漏(lou)水(shui)(shui)問題(ti)如果(guo)長(chang)期存在，會(hui)不(bu)同程(cheng)度(du)地(di)影響建筑結構的穩固性，造(zao)成嚴重(zhong)(zhong)的安全(quan)隱患。家(jia)裝防水(shui)(shui)可(ke)以說是(shi)“安居”的基礎工(gong)程(cheng)，大家(jia)必須引(yin)起重(zhong)(zhong)視，尤其在選擇(ze)的時候，一定要(yao)睜大雙眼，選擇(ze)大品(pin)(pin)牌、有(you)(you)保(bao)障的產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)。

選用緩膨型遇水(shui)膨脹橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)作為樁(zhuang)頭根(gen)部施(shi)工(gong)材料時，必須將相應(ying)寬度(du)的(de)凹槽剔鑿在(zai)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)放置的(de)墊層表(biao)面(mian)，并通(tong)過(guo)無齒鋸(ju)切割凹槽外邊線，以此為橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)放置提(ti)供便利。在(zai)做(zuo)防水(shui)施(shi)工(gong)時，應(ying)保(bao)證沒有(you)雜物附(fu)著于凹槽內混(hun)凝土面(mian)層，確(que)保(bao)施(shi)工(gong)的(de)干燥性(xing)(xing)。橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)在(zai)樁(zhuang)側、鋼(gang)筋根(gen)部鋪(pu)(pu)設(she)時，應(ying)確(que)保(bao)鋪(pu)(pu)設(she)的(de)完(wan)整性(xing)(xing)與連續性(xing)(xing)，將橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)閉合(he)位置進(jin)行(xing)(xing)45度(du)斜角的(de)切割，提(ti)高橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)的(de)設(she)置的(de)穩固性(xing)(xing)。聚合(he)物水(shui)泥(ni)防水(shui)砂(sha)漿(jiang)應(ying)在(zai)完(wan)成橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)施(shi)工(gong)后進(jin)行(xing)(xing)，砂(sha)漿(jiang)涂抹(mo)前必須將基面(mian)清理干凈，隨后在(zai)砂(sha)漿(jiang)攪拌(ban)機內對(dui)聚合(he)物進(jin)行(xing)(xing)拌(ban)和、壓實抹(mo)平施(shi)工(gong)。防水(shui)砂(sha)漿(jiang)終凝后，應(ying)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)7天養護(hu)，如將防火(huo)草簾覆蓋在(zai)其(qi)表(biao)面(mian)。