隨著我國(guo)城(cheng)市化發展進程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)快，建筑業在經濟(ji)發展中(zhong)地位越發重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)。建筑作為城(cheng)市居民的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)場所，其質量(liang)好(hao)壞會影(ying)響(xiang)人們的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作和(he)生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)。正(zheng)因(yin)如此，在建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)就需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)做(zuo)好(hao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)規劃(hua)，優化現有的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術。工(gong)程(cheng)滲水問(wen)題(ti)一(yi)直是制(zhi)(zhi)約施(shi)(shi)工(gong)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)問(wen)題(ti)，為了解(jie)決這一(yi)問(wen)題(ti)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)做(zuo)好(hao)防水防滲施(shi)(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)，保證用(yong)戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)常生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)。建筑施(shi)(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)出(chu)現滲漏的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)種類(lei)很多，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)人員需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)做(zuo)好(hao)防范準備，結合施(shi)(shi)工(gong)環境來制(zhi)(zhi)定預防措施(shi)(shi)。

樓頂翻修價格應選單組分環保型的聚氨酯材料，這種材料是目前建設部極力推薦的防水材料。由于這種材料能嚴密地包住管道與地面，滲入縫隙，在干燥后不會收縮，因此比防水水泥等剛性材料更適合用于衛浴間這種管道、縫隙較多的小面積房屋。所以客戶購買該類材料時應選擇品牌材料，每平方米的用料費約在50～60元。據東興市樓頂翻修了解，目前國內一些品牌聚(ju)氨酯(zhi)材(cai)料生產廠家(jia)都擁(yong)有自己(ji)的施(shi)工隊伍，市(shi)民可(ke)在(zai)購買材(cai)料的同(tong)時，要(yao)求廠家(jia)提供專(zhuan)業人(ren)員。為(wei)了讓日后的防水期限更為(wei)長久，材(cai)料一般需要(yao)刷上3遍，為(wei)了讓材(cai)料充分(fen)干透，所以(yi)不可(ke)選(xuan)擇在(zai)陰雨或潮濕(shi)氣候下進行。一般單組分(fen)環保型聚(ju)氨酯(zhi)材(cai)料的干透期在(zai)3～4天(tian)左右。

施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)圖紙的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計是整(zheng)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)基礎，如果在(zai)設(she)計方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)定階段(duan)就存在(zai)不(bu)足(zu)或(huo)者出現(xian)(xian)實際施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)數值發生偏差等問(wen)(wen)(wen)題，就會直接導致施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)發生，對整(zheng)個(ge)建(jian)筑設(she)計過程(cheng)都造成嚴重的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)影響。提示(shi)建(jian)筑施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)開展必須要對房屋滲漏問(wen)(wen)(wen)題進(jin)行(xing)全面考(kao)慮，將可(ke)能出現(xian)(xian)在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)環(huan)節中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)滲漏問(wen)(wen)(wen)題，在(zai)設(she)計方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)定過程(cheng)中(zhong)避免。在(zai)進(jin)行(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)定中(zhong)，必須要嚴格按照國家相關建(jian)設(she)規定來(lai)進(jin)行(xing)，保(bao)證(zheng)所(suo)(suo)采用的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)符合(he)國家標準，同時設(she)計單(dan)位要在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)設(she)計前，對建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)所(suo)(suo)處的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境進(jin)行(xing)詳細的(de)(de)(de)分析，了(le)解施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)所(suo)(suo)在(zai)地可(ke)能出現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)氣候(hou)狀況，對可(ke)能出現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)氣候(hou)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題制(zhi)定好預防方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)，保(bao)證(zheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人員的(de)(de)(de)順利施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)。

防(fang)水(shui)(shui)處(chu)理應該(gai)先清除窗(chuang)縫的(de)(de)(de)填充物，然后再注入(ru)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)堵漏(lou)材料。另外窗(chuang)框的(de)(de)(de)四周應該(gai)涂(tu)上2mm厚的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)材料地(di)(di)面(mian)和(he)墻面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)交角(jiao)以及陰陽角(jiao)部(bu)分常由于(yu)混凝土和(he)砂漿的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)脹冷縮導(dao)致開(kai)裂(lie)，這部(bu)分適合使用防(fang)水(shui)(shui)卷材進行防(fang)水(shui)(shui)處(chu)理；過石門下面(mian)也是滲漏(lou)情況(kuang)出現較多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方，施工時，在(zai)過石門下面(mian)要(yao)先做一個地(di)(di)帶(dai)，防(fang)水(shui)(shui)一定(ding)要(yao)卷到地(di)(di)帶(dai)之上，形成一個盆狀，才能(neng)發揮蓄水(shui)(shui)、擋水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)；地(di)(di)漏(lou)處(chu)屬于(yu)水(shui)(shui)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)出口，接觸水(shui)(shui)最多(duo)，在(zai)裝(zhuang)修時地(di)(di)漏(lou)就是需要(yao)重點處(chu)理的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方，不僅所處(chu)坡度要(yao)低于(yu)其他區(qu)域，而且防(fang)水(shui)(shui)材料也需要(yao)多(duo)刷幾次。

1.成(cheng)(cheng)品保(bao)(bao)護(hu)不善。解釋購(gou)置的地下(xia)堵漏(lou)(lou)(lou)材料或已完工(gong)的地下(xia)堵漏(lou)(lou)(lou)層(ceng),由(you)于(yu)保(bao)(bao)管不善,施工(gong)不慎造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)破壞且未及時修補而(er)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)滲(shen)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)。2.混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)層(ceng)厚(hou)度不夠。介紹混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)層(ceng)按規范要求應(ying)為厚(hou), 但(dan)施工(gong)時常常由(you)于(yu)不能保(bao)(bao)證而(er)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)裂縫, 造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)滲(shen)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)。3.不重視細部的構造(zao)處理(li),對變形(xing)(xing)縫、施工(gong)縫、后(hou)澆帶、預留接口、混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)主體(ti)結(jie)構等部位采取(qu)的地下(xia)堵漏(lou)(lou)(lou)措施不當。4.地下(xia)堵漏(lou)(lou)(lou)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)配合比在現(xian)(xian)場施工(gong)時配制不準(zhun)確(que),特別是水灰比增(zeng)大(da),使混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)收縮大(da),出(chu)現(xian)(xian)裂縫引起滲(shen)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)。5.混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)養護(hu)不良造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)早期失水嚴(yan)重,形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)滲(shen)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)。6.對混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)圍(wei)護(hu)結(jie)構不采用地下(xia)堵漏(lou)(lou)(lou)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu),而(er)只做柔性地下(xia)堵漏(lou)(lou)(lou)層(ceng)。

1、地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)向地(di)(di)漏(lou)方(fang)向找坡，用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)砂漿(jiang)或豆石混凝土都可(ke)以，但(dan)表面(mian)(mian)要(yao)平(ping)整。一(yi)般門(men)(men)口(kou)附(fu)近坡度(du)小，地(di)(di)漏(lou)附(fu)近坡度(du)大，根(gen)據(ju)具(ju)體情況掌握。管(guan)線穿樓板根(gen)部，提示要(yao)加(jia)強(qiang)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。管(guan)根(gen)建筑密封(feng)膏封(feng)嚴，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)抹平(ping)滑后，刷防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材料時貼(tie)玻璃絲布加(jia)強(qiang)層1~2層。地(di)(di)漏(lou)附(fu)近也是(shi)同(tong)樣的(de)措施。2、地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層應涂(tu)刷出(chu)衛生間(jian)門(men)(men)口(kou)以外300寬。提示防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)的(de)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層要(yao)高(gao)出(chu)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)200，有淋浴額衛生間(jian)墻面(mian)(mian)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層應高(gao)出(chu)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)1800。3、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是(shi)無孔不(bu)入的(de)，它借著風壓和(he)對流(liu)還有沖擊、附(fu)著、毛細等力量，逐漸滲入建筑的(de)內部，而且在滲透 的(de)過程不(bu)易(yi)從表面(mian)(mian)發覺。換言之，找尋漏(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)原因必(bi)須深(shen)入“內臟”分析判斷，才(cai)能對癥下藥。