我們都知道地下室防水的設計對建筑物的影響非常大，設計時要綜合多方面的因素，采用剛柔相接，因地制宜，綜合治理，防、排、堵相結合的原則。新型泡沫混凝土公司根據現場的走訪和多年的防水施工經驗來給大家介紹一下憑祥市廠家：a.地(di)下室(shi)(shi)(shi)結構室(shi)(shi)(shi)外頂(ding)(ding)板(ban)宜優先采(cai)用結構起坡。b.地(di)下室(shi)(shi)(shi)頂(ding)(ding)板(ban)上(shang)有覆土時(shi)，可設塑(su)料排(pai)水(shui)板(ban)濾水(shui)層(ceng)有組織收集積水(shui)，但必(bi)須進行(xing)專(zhuan)項(xiang)節點設計。c.當地(di)下室(shi)(shi)(shi)頂(ding)(ding)板(ban)被變形(xing)縫分隔時(shi)，變形(xing)縫應作為種(zhong)植分區邊界(jie)，不得跨縫種(zhong)植。d.當地(di)下室(shi)(shi)(shi)頂(ding)(ding)板(ban)上(shang)無覆土時(shi)，可在卷材防水(shui)的剛性保護(hu)層(ceng)上(shang)直接(jie)做(zuo)(zuo)飾面(mian)層(ceng)。e.也可采(cai)用單(dan)層(ceng)防水(shui)做(zuo)(zuo)法。

在(zai)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)板混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)配合(he)比(bi)設(she)計試配，確定設(she)計配合(he)比(bi)階(jie)段(duan)，采取(qu)了降(jiang)低水(shui)灰(hui)比(bi)的(de)(de)(de)措施(shi)。底(di)板與墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)板同為(wei)(wei)C30P12，而(er)底(di)板的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)灰(hui)比(bi)為(wei)(wei)0.47。而(er)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)板的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)灰(hui)比(bi)為(wei)(wei)0.41，混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)坍落度(du)指標(biao)底(di)板為(wei)(wei)18～20厘(li)(li)米，墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)板坍落度(du)指標(biao)控(kong)制在(zai)14～16厘(li)(li)米。采取(qu)該措施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)在(zai)于減少用水(shui)量、降(jiang)低混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)收縮(suo)。在(zai)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)澆筑階(jie)段(duan)，采用二(er)次振搗(dao)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝，即在(zai)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)初凝(ning)(ning)前進行二(er)次振搗(dao)。避免混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)因沉降(jiang)收縮(suo)而(er)引起的(de)(de)(de)裂縫。提醒這些措施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)實施(shi)對控(kong)制墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體裂縫的(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現是非常(chang)有必(bi)要的(de)(de)(de)。在(zai)澆筑過程中其(qi)他方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制均與底(di)板的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制措施(shi)方法相同。

一(yi)般家裝(zhuang)中常見的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)部位(wei)有廚房，衛生間(jian)，陽臺等，這些(xie)地方因為日常的(de)(de)(de)洗澡，洗衣服，做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)飯洗菜等原因需要長期接觸(chu)到(dao)水(shui)，如果不(bu)(bu)提前做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)好防(fang)(fang)水(shui)，那么日積月(yue)累下來很容易出現(xian)滲漏的(de)(de)(de)情況，那么到(dao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候就還(huan)需要扒掉瓷磚重新做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)了，不(bu)(bu)僅耗時(shi)(shi)(shi)耗力而且還(huan)會影響自己的(de)(de)(de)日常生活和鄰(lin)里的(de)(de)(de)關系，得不(bu)(bu)償失。由于中國目前淋浴以(yi)用花(hua)(hua)灑(sa)噴撒水(shui)站立式(shi)居多，為淋浴方便(bian)花(hua)(hua)灑(sa)一(yi)般都(dou)是(shi)安(an)裝(zhuang)在180cm高(gao)(gao)左右，且衛生間(jian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積都(dou)不(bu)(bu)大，淋浴時(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)就易出現(xian)濺到(dao)衛生間(jian)四(si)周的(de)(de)(de)墻(qiang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)上，加之(zhi)水(shui)會在墻(qiang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)蔓延滲透入(ru)墻(qiang)體(ti)，水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)物理具有呈氣(qi)態時(shi)(shi)(shi)會四(si)處(chu)流(liu)動，遇到(dao)溫度較低的(de)(de)(de)物體(ti)會凝聚的(de)(de)(de)特點。綜合上面(mian)(mian)(mian)各種因素， 因此建議：衛生間(jian)墻(qiang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)一(yi)定要做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)，且建議四(si)面(mian)(mian)(mian)墻(qiang)體(ti)都(dou)要做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)，防(fang)(fang)水(shui)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)度需做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)180cm,最好至頂位(wei)置。

1、從事建筑防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)企業必須(xu)(xu)具(ju)有防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)專業施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)質證書，監(jian)理(li)應(ying)對(dui)其企業資(zi)格(ge)(ge)及(ji)人員(yuan)資(zi)格(ge)(ge)進行(xing)審查確認(ren)。2、防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)基層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)必須(xu)(xu)堅(jian)固(gu)、平整、干凈、不起(qi)砂、不起(qi)皮。涂膠防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)及(ji)嵌(qian)填密(mi)封材(cai)料(liao)的(de)基層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)必須(xu)(xu)干燥。3、嚴格(ge)(ge)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)進場報驗(yan)程(cheng)序(xu)和見證送檢(jian)(jian)(jian)制(zhi)度，經檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)合格(ge)(ge)的(de)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)才準(zhun)予(yu)用于工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)。4、柔性防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)完(wan)成后必須(xu)(xu)及(ji)時做好保(bao)(bao)護層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。保(bao)(bao)護層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時，應(ying)采取(qu)有效的(de)保(bao)(bao)護措施(shi)(shi)，避免破壞防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。5、防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中應(ying)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)自檢(jian)(jian)(jian)、互檢(jian)(jian)(jian)、交接檢(jian)(jian)(jian)及(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查等制(zhi)度，嚴格(ge)(ge)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)從基層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)到保(bao)(bao)護層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)逐層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)隱蔽檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查驗(yan)收(shou)制(zhi)度。6、已施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)柔性防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)進行(xing)抽檢(jian)(jian)(jian)取(qu)樣實測檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查，確認(ren)其厚度(便數)是否符合設計和規(gui)范要(yao)求(qiu)。