1.防水(shui)位置要(yao)(yao)全(quan)面(mian)(mian)，對于家庭裝修防水(shui)，屋頂、廚(chu)房、衛(wei)生間、外(wai)墻(qiang)、陽臺(tai)、地(di)下室或(huo)者一(yi)樓的(de)(de)地(di)面(mian)(mian) 等都需要(yao)(yao)要(yao)(yao)考慮做防水(shui)。2.防水(shui)層要(yao)(yao)達(da)到一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)厚度，并且(qie)均勻。提示施(shi)工時(shi)有些(xie)施(shi)工人(ren)員或(huo)者業務為(wei)了(le)省錢，涂刷防水(shui)材料時(shi)很薄，這很容易因為(wei)一(yi)些(xie)人(ren)為(wei)或(huo)自然原因導致防水(shui)層破壞(huai)。3.施(shi)工時(shi)要(yao)(yao)及(ji)時(shi)做好(hao)一(yi)些(xie)邊(bian)角的(de)(de)細節(jie)處理(li)：墻(qiang)面(mian)(mian)與地(di)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)接縫處、陰陽角、水(shui)管、地(di)漏(lou)和衛(wei)生潔具的(de)(de)周邊(bian)及(ji)鋪設冷熱管的(de)(de)鑿(zao)溝內是重點防水(shui)部(bu)位。4.完工后要(yao)(yao)做閉(bi)水(shui)實驗。提醒您如果發現有滲(shen)漏(lou)，要(yao)(yao)及(ji)時(shi)做補救處理(li)。5.對防水(shui)層進(jin)行維護(hu)管理(li)：做保護(hu)層，加強人(ren)為(wei)管理(li)，避免(mian)因為(wei)一(yi)些(xie)意(yi)外(wai)因素破壞(huai)防水(shui)層。

隨著我國城市化發(fa)(fa)展進程的(de)(de)加(jia)快，建筑(zhu)業在(zai)經(jing)濟發(fa)(fa)展中地位越發(fa)(fa)重要(yao)(yao)。建筑(zhu)作為(wei)城市居民的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)場(chang)所，其質量(liang)好壞會影響(xiang)人們(men)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作和生(sheng)(sheng)活。正因如此，在(zai)建設的(de)(de)過(guo)程中就需要(yao)(yao)做好施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規劃，優(you)化現(xian)(xian)有的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程滲水(shui)問題(ti)一直是(shi)制(zhi)約施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)問題(ti)，為(wei)了(le)解決這一問題(ti)需要(yao)(yao)做好防水(shui)防滲施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)應用，保證用戶的(de)(de)正常生(sheng)(sheng)活。建筑(zhu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中出現(xian)(xian)滲漏(lou)的(de)(de)原(yuan)因種類很多，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員需要(yao)(yao)做好防范準(zhun)備，結(jie)合施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)環境來制(zhi)定(ding)預防措施(shi)(shi)。

1、地面向地漏方向找坡，用水泥砂漿或豆石混凝土都可以，但表面要平整。一般門口附近坡度小，地漏附近坡度大，根據具體情況掌握。管線穿樓板根部，專業高壓灌漿提示要加強防水。管根建筑密封膏封嚴，水泥抹平滑后，刷防水材料時貼玻璃絲布加強層1~2層。地漏附近也是同樣的措施。2、地面防水層應涂刷出衛生間門口以外300寬。百色市高壓灌漿提示(shi)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)地(di)面(mian)(mian)的防水(shui)(shui)(shui)層要高出地(di)面(mian)(mian)200，有淋浴額衛生(sheng)間墻面(mian)(mian)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)層應(ying)高出地(di)面(mian)(mian)1800。3、水(shui)(shui)(shui)是(shi)無孔不入的，它借(jie)著(zhu)風壓和對(dui)流還有沖(chong)擊、附(fu)著(zhu)、毛細(xi)等力(li)量，逐漸滲(shen)(shen)入建筑的內部，而且在滲(shen)(shen)透 的過程不易從表面(mian)(mian)發覺。換言(yan)之(zhi)，找尋漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)原因必須深(shen)入“內臟(zang)”分析判斷，才能對(dui)癥下藥。

現(xian)(xian)在防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)首要(yao)分為二(er)大類:一、柔性(xing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)，如(ru)：種材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)卷(juan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)、JS復合材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)、聚(ju)氨(an)酯防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)、防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)膠等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)乳液性(xing)的(de)聚(ju)合物防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)。這些(xie)(xie)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)首要(yao)是包裹住基面(mian)，不(bu)讓(rang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)滲(shen)出和滲(shen)入，這些(xie)(xie)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)有(you)(you)(you)必(bi)定(ding)的(de)延伸(shen)率和抗(kang)拉才(cai)能。僅有(you)(you)(you)缺陷這些(xie)(xie)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)有(you)(you)(you)必(bi)定(ding)的(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)年限，也就是防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壽(shou)命。這些(xie)(xie)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)廣(guang)泛(fan)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)的(de)屋面(mian)、衛生(sheng)間(jian)、伸(shen)縮縫、落水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)、磚石等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)基面(mian)上(shang)。二(er)、剛(gang)生(sheng)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)：望文生(sheng)義，它有(you)(you)(you)高(gao)強(qiang)度，但他(ta)缺少(shao)延伸(shen)率和抗(kang)拉才(cai)能，但防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壽(shou)命長久施工后跟混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土同等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，如(ru)：水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)不(bu)漏(lou)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥基浸(jin)透(tou)結(jie)晶(jing)、浸(jin)透(tou)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)劑、永凝(ning)液等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。它們是使用(yong)(yong)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土結(jie)構的(de)多孔性(xing)透(tou)過毛細管現(xian)(xian)像，使用(yong)(yong)親水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)以水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為載體浸(jin)透(tou)到(dao)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土內部，發生(sheng)化學反應，形成結(jie)晶(jing)體，堵信毛細孔到(dao)達防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)作用(yong)(yong)，添(tian)加混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土強(qiang)度，這些(xie)(xie)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)廣(guang)泛(fan)應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)地下(xia)室、衛生(sheng)間(jian)、污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池(chi)、蘊水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池(chi)、也可(ke)直接用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)飲用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池(chi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。所(suo)以現(xian)(xian)在一般防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)要(yao)求高(gao)的(de)，設計上(shang)會用(yong)(yong)剛(gang)柔結(jie)合的(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)方案!

目前市場上的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水材料產品很多，好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水材料一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)是要符合(he)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)要求的(de)(de)(de)，這樣才能夠達到防(fang)(fang)(fang)水防(fang)(fang)(fang)滲漏的(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)。同時，針對(dui)如(ru)何辨(bian)別(bie)的(de)(de)(de)優劣，也(ye)是有一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)方法可循。防(fang)(fang)(fang)水材料的(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)：（1）水密性(xing)(xing)：解釋即具有一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)抗滲能力，吸水率低，浸(jin)泡(pao)后防(fang)(fang)(fang)水能力降低少(shao)；（2）大氣(qi)穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)；在(zai)陽光紫(zi)外線、臭(chou)氧老(lao)化下性(xing)(xing)能持(chi)久；（3）溫(wen)(wen)度穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)：高溫(wen)(wen)不流淌變形，低溫(wen)(wen)不脆斷，在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)溫(wen)(wen)度條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下，保持(chi)性(xing)(xing)能良好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)；（4）一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)力學性(xing)(xing)能：能承受施(shi)工(gong)及變形條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下產生的(de)(de)(de)載荷(he)，具有一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)強度和伸(shen)長率；（5）施(shi)工(gong)性(xing)(xing)良好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)：便(bian)(bian)于施(shi)工(gong)，工(gong)藝簡便(bian)(bian)；（6）污染少(shao)：對(dui)人身和環境無污染。

單一的(de)(de)建筑(zhu)材(cai)(cai)料雖然具有(you)一定(ding)的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)性能(neng)，但必(bi)(bi)(bi)須(xu)通過(guo)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)與(yu)組合(he)，才能(neng)構(gou)成(cheng)土木建筑(zhu)的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，并獲得相應的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)功能(neng)。因此(ci)歷來(lai)把施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)與(yu)組合(he)的(de)(de)完(wan)美性，視為防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)成(cheng)敗的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵。無(wu)論是各類防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)卷(juan)材(cai)(cai)還是防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)涂料，均必(bi)(bi)(bi)須(xu)與(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)基層緊密粘貼或黏(nian)結，并使兩者成(cheng)為整體(ti)后，才能(neng)有(you)可靠的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)屏障(zhang)。通過(guo)長(chang)期的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)踐和(he)(he)研究(jiu)后認為，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)基層表面(即施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)面)必(bi)(bi)(bi)須(xu)具備“干(gan)燥、清(qing)潔和(he)(he)適當溫度”這(zhe)一防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)三(san)大先決條(tiao)(tiao)件后，方可進行柔(rou)性防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)，這(zhe)在中(zhong)外建筑(zhu)規范和(he)(he)相關(guan)的(de)(de)教材(cai)(cai)、理論書籍中(zhong)均有(you)論述。多年來(lai)隨著(zhu)科學(xue)技術(shu)的(de)(de)不(bu)斷發展，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)法(fa)也(ye)有(you)了很大改(gai)進，諸如為了減少卷(juan)材(cai)(cai)起鼓與(yu)開裂，可采用空鋪法(fa)、條(tiao)(tiao)(點)粘法(fa)、熱熔(rong)法(fa)、冷粘法(fa)等(deng)措施(shi)(shi)。應指出(chu)，上(shang)述工(gong)(gong)法(fa)與(yu)措施(shi)(shi)均有(you)一定(ding)的(de)(de)局限性，而要使防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)做到滴(di)水(shui)不(bu)漏，仍應全面遵守有(you)關(guan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)條(tiao)(tiao)件的(de)(de)要求(qiu)。