涂(tu)刷防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)：衛生(sheng)間是家庭防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的重點(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置，裝(zhuang)修時一定(ding)要做(zuo)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，以聚(ju)合物(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)基(ji)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材料(liao)(liao)為例，有通(tong)用型(xing)GS防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材料(liao)(liao)和柔(rou)韌型(xing)JS防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材料(liao)(liao)，將材料(liao)(liao)涂(tu)刷兩遍，前后垂直交叉，單層(ceng)厚(hou)度為0.8～1mm，兩層(ceng)厚(hou)度不(bu)(bu)超過2mm。陰陽角(jiao)、上下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)與地(di)面(mian)的接(jie)縫處：滲(shen)漏多發生(sheng)在(zai)穿(chuan)(chuan)過樓(lou)層(ceng)的管(guan)根、地(di)漏、衛生(sheng)潔具及陰陽角(jiao)等(deng)部(bu)位(wei)(wei)(wei)，原因是管(guan)根、地(di)漏等(deng)部(bu)位(wei)(wei)(wei)松動、黏結不(bu)(bu)牢、涂(tu)刷不(bu)(bu)嚴密或防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)局部(bu)損壞、部(bu)件搭接(jie)長度不(bu)(bu)夠。這(zhe)些邊(bian)邊(bian)角(jiao)角(jiao)是最容易出現滲(shen)漏的地(di)方，要注意(yi)細節的施(shi)工，防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材料(liao)(liao)一定(ding)要涂(tu)刷到位(wei)(wei)(wei)。管(guan)道(dao)、地(di)漏等(deng)穿(chuan)(chuan)越樓(lou)板時，其孔(kong)洞周邊(bian)的防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)必須認真施(shi)工。上下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)一律(lv)要做(zuo)好水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)護根，從地(di)面(mian)起向上刷10～20cm的聚(ju)氨(an)酯(zhi)(zhi)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材料(liao)(liao)，然(ran)后在(zai)地(di)面(mian)再做(zuo)聚(ju)氨(an)酯(zhi)(zhi)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)，加上原防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)，組成復合型(xing)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)，以增強(qiang)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)性能。

防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)防(fang)(fang)(fang)滲(shen)工(gong)(gong)程水(shui)(shui)平(ping)是(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)民建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)施工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要體(ti)現(xian)，是(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)整(zheng)體(ti)完(wan)工(gong)(gong)后(hou)重(zhong)點驗收(shou)環節，也是(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)要不斷(duan)完(wan)善與(yu)(yu)改造的(de)(de)部分。做好防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)防(fang)(fang)(fang)滲(shen)關系(xi)到(dao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)正常使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)、人民人身(shen)及財產(chan)安全(quan)的(de)(de)大事(shi)，必須不斷(duan)的(de)(de)完(wan)善，重(zhong)點的(de)(de)研究。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)與(yu)(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)實(shi)用(yong)是(shi)(shi)衡量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程整(zheng)體(ti)結果(guo)的(de)(de)優劣的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)，其中(zhong)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)高低是(shi)(shi)人們(men)為關心的(de)(de)。但無論(lun)從(cong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)設計、施工(gong)(gong)全(quan)過程中(zhong)，還是(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)之中(zhong)，都會(hui)遇到(dao)材料(liao)老(lao)化、偶然事(shi)件、環境(jing)因素等對(dui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)損耗的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)些問(wen)題(ti)，尤其是(shi)(shi)投入(ru)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)后(hou)，質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)問(wen)題(ti)在所難免。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)些施工(gong)(gong)步驟如(ru)果(guo)達(da)標，就可以使(shi)(shi)(shi)發生質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)可能性降(jiang)低，其中(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)防(fang)(fang)(fang)滲(shen)施工(gong)(gong)就是(shi)(shi)常見(jian)的(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)問(wen)題(ti)之一(yi)(yi)。滲(shen)水(shui)(shui)、漏水(shui)(shui)現(xian)象不僅影(ying)響(xiang)了人們(men)正常的(de)(de)居住與(yu)(yu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)，嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)會(hui)影(ying)響(xiang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)壽命(ming)與(yu)(yu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)安全(quan)，對(dui)人們(men)的(de)(de)人身(shen)與(yu)(yu)財產(chan)安全(quan)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)極(ji)大威(wei)脅對(dui)于工(gong)(gong)民建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)程，做好防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)防(fang)(fang)(fang)滲(shen)施工(gong)(gong)，是(shi)(shi)實(shi)現(xian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)提(ti)升的(de)(de)必然要求。

提示不管(guan)是(shi)廚房(fang)、衛生間(jian)還(huan)是(shi)陽臺，制作防水(shui)(shui)涂(tu)層(ceng)都要(yao)遵循這幾(ji)個方面(mian);1.做好墻(qiang)(qiang)體、地(di)面(mian)的(de)基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)處理，確保基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)表(biao)面(mian)堅實、無開裂、粉化、脫(tuo)皮、起鼓等現(xian)象。同時(shi)基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)表(biao)面(mian)必(bi)須(xu)清潔、無灰(hui)塵、無任(ren)何(he)雜物污(wu)跡。2. 刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)防水(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)時(shi)是(shi)由下(xia)至上(shang)，先刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)墻(qiang)(qiang)后刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)地(di)。第一(yi)遍(bian)橫向涂(tu)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)，第二遍(bian)縱向涂(tu)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)，相(xiang)互疊加涂(tu)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)可以(yi)達到(dao)均(jun)勻的(de)效(xiao)果(guo)。第一(yi)遍(bian)和第二遍(bian)涂(tu)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)間(jian)隔時(shi)間(jian)最好在4-8小時(shi)左右。3.刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)浴室墻(qiang)(qiang)面(mian)防水(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)時(shi)，刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)到(dao)地(di)面(mian)離墻(qiang)(qiang)高1.8米(mi)處。如果(guo)家(jia)里墻(qiang)(qiang)面(mian)較(jiao)潮可以(yi)沿(yan)踢腳線(xian)從地(di)面(mian)向上(shang)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)60厘米(mi)。要(yao)求防水(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)厚(hou)度(du)應在國家(jia)標準的(de)1.5毫米(mi)厚(hou)。4.管(guan)道(dao)接口、地(di)漏(lou)(lou)、馬(ma)桶周圍刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)3-5遍(bian)防水(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)可以(yi)更(geng)有效(xiao)防止局部(bu)漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)。

目(mu)前建筑(zhu)防水材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)大(da)體(ti)上可分為五類(lei)，即瀝青(qing)防水卷材(cai)(cai)、高分子防水片材(cai)(cai)、建筑(zhu)防水材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)、建筑(zhu)密封材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)及防滲堵(du)漏等(deng)特種(zhong)用途的(de)(de)防水材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)。每(mei)種(zhong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)各(ge)有其特性(xing)，因(yin)此必須根據的(de)(de)部位(wei)、條件(jian)、所處的(de)(de)環(huan)境、建筑(zhu)的(de)(de)等(deng)級、功(gong)能需要(yao)，選(xuan)用適當(dang)的(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)，發揮各(ge)類(lei)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)特性(xing)，使之獲得(de)最佳防水效果(guo)。依據不同的(de)(de)工程部位(wei)來選(xuan)材(cai)(cai)，其選(xuan)擇標準也(ye)不一致。屋(wu)面因(yin)長(chang)期暴露，陽光、雪雨直(zhi)接(jie)侵蝕，嚴冬酷(ku)暑溫度變化(hua)大(da)，晝(zhou)夜之間屋(wu)面板也(ye)會發生伸縮，因(yin)此應選(xuan)用耐(nai)老化(hua)性(xing)能好(hao)的(de)(de)，且有一定延伸性(xing)的(de)(de)、耐(nai)熱度高的(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)。如聚脂(zhi)胎改性(xing)瀝青(qing)卷材(cai)(cai)、三元乙丙片材(cai)(cai)或瀝青(qing)油氈(zhan)等(deng)。

玉林市衛生間防水混凝土澆筑正值7～8月份高溫季節，易造成混凝土坍落度損失加大，降低混凝土工作度方面的要求，加之可能出現的運輸途中堵車或施工中出現臨時需處理的問題，使澆搗速度減緩，延誤了混凝土的入模時間，因時間延長造成混凝土坍落度損失加大，致使不能滿足泵送要求，此時應嚴禁加入生水，而應采取二次摻少量的FDN2I減水劑的后摻法，補償和恢復混凝土的坍落度損失。新型衛生間防水在配合比(bi)中FDN2I減(jian)(jian)水劑量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)0.8%，地(di)(di)般該減(jian)(jian)水劑的摻(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)地(di)(di)高(gao)為(wei)1%，在后(hou)(hou)摻(chan)(chan)(chan)減(jian)(jian)水劑時只考慮在0.2%以(yi)內。后(hou)(hou)摻(chan)(chan)(chan)法(fa)(fa)比(bi)先摻(chan)(chan)(chan)法(fa)(fa)或(huo)同摻(chan)(chan)(chan)法(fa)(fa)在相(xiang)同摻(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)下減(jian)(jian)水作用(yong)顯著提(ti)高(gao)，是能補償坍落度損失的。但應注意凡后(hou)(hou)摻(chan)(chan)(chan)減(jian)(jian)水劑的運輸(shu)車(che)，應快速攪拌30轉或(huo)1秒以(yi)上(shang)。其摻(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和攪拌時間由專人負責實施。