鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中，首先，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)制作(zuo)時要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注意(yi)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)材料是(shi)否合格、鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)堆放要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)妥當避(bi)免銹蝕、鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)表面(mian)應潔凈、統籌配料、鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)切斷端頭(tou)不應有劈裂、縮頭(tou)及嚴重(zhong)彎頭(tou)：其次，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)綁(bang)扎(zha)必須(xu)牢固(gu)，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)排布順序要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)正確以及鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)護層厚度(du)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)達到(dao)(dao)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求：最后(hou)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注意(yi)一些細節的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術，如鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)骨架的(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸、馬凳撐、錨(mao)固(gu)長(chang)度(du)等。混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注意(yi)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)配合比、澆筑前得準備工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)到(dao)(dao)位、振搗工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)按要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)縫(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)留設要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)合理、混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)養護要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)到(dao)(dao)位、注意(yi)特(te)殊天(tian)氣下混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。后(hou)澆帶施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注意(yi)后(hou)澆帶周邊混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)，以及后(hou)澆帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)保(bao)(bao)護。

1.成(cheng)品保護(hu)不(bu)善。解釋購置的地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)堵漏材料或已完工的地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)堵漏層,由于保管(guan)不(bu)善,施(shi)工不(bu)慎造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)破壞且未(wei)及時(shi)修補(bu)而(er)(er)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)滲(shen)(shen)漏。2.混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)保護(hu)層厚度不(bu)夠。介(jie)紹混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)保護(hu)層按(an)規范(fan)要求應為厚, 但施(shi)工時(shi)常常由于不(bu)能(neng)保證而(er)(er)出現裂縫, 造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)滲(shen)(shen)漏。3.不(bu)重(zhong)視細(xi)部(bu)的構(gou)造(zao)(zao)處理(li),對(dui)變形縫、施(shi)工縫、后澆(jiao)帶、預留接口、混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)主體結(jie)構(gou)等部(bu)位采取的地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)堵漏措(cuo)施(shi)不(bu)當。4.地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)堵漏混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)配合比(bi)在現場施(shi)工時(shi)配制不(bu)準(zhun)確,特別是水(shui)灰比(bi)增大,使混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)收縮大,出現裂縫引起滲(shen)(shen)漏。5.混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)養(yang)護(hu)不(bu)良(liang)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)早(zao)期失水(shui)嚴重(zhong),形成(cheng)滲(shen)(shen)漏。6.對(dui)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)圍護(hu)結(jie)構(gou)不(bu)采用地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)堵漏混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu),而(er)(er)只做(zuo)柔性地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)堵漏層。

陽臺分為封閉式陽臺和露天陽臺兩種，封閉式陽臺防水做法相對來說比較簡單，封閉式陽臺主要是通過門窗來進行防水，陽臺的墻地面也只需涂刷普通的防水涂料即可。這也是為什么北海市屋面防水在陽臺裝修效果圖當中幾乎看不到封閉式陽臺有復雜防水做法的原因。不過要注意的是，封閉式陽臺的地漏也要做好設計，不然很可能因為暴雨而產生陽臺積水。屋面防水哪家好提(ti)示如果是(shi)露天(tian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)臺(tai)(tai)，那么首先(xian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)臺(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)門窗一定(ding)要(yao)(yao)做好(hao)防水設(she)(she)計，要(yao)(yao)有良好(hao)的(de)(de)密閉性。其次，露天(tian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)臺(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)地(di)面要(yao)(yao)設(she)(she)計地(di)漏，而(er)且最好(hao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)臺(tai)(tai)跟客廳有75px的(de)(de)高(gao)度(du)差，具(ju)體的(de)(de)實施辦法(fa)就是(shi)在陽(yang)(yang)(yang)臺(tai)(tai)上面鋪設(she)(she)75px厚的(de)(de)大理石瓷磚或者防腐木地(di)板(ban)等裝飾(shi)。

1.防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)置要(yao)(yao)全(quan)面，對于家(jia)庭裝修(xiu)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，建議屋(wu)頂、廚房、衛生間、外墻(qiang)、陽臺、地(di)下室(shi)或(huo)者一樓的(de)(de)地(di)面 等都需要(yao)(yao)要(yao)(yao)考慮(lv)做防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。2.防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)要(yao)(yao)達到一定的(de)(de)厚(hou)度(du)，并且均勻(yun)。施工(gong)時(shi)有些施工(gong)人員(yuan)或(huo)者業務為(wei)(wei)了省錢，涂刷防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)料時(shi)很薄，這很容易(yi)因(yin)為(wei)(wei)一些人為(wei)(wei)或(huo)自(zi)然原(yuan)因(yin)導(dao)致(zhi)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)破壞(huai)。3.施工(gong)時(shi)要(yao)(yao)及時(shi)做好一些邊角的(de)(de)細節(jie)處理(li)：墻(qiang)面與地(di)面的(de)(de)接縫(feng)處、陰陽角、水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)、地(di)漏和衛生潔具的(de)(de)周邊及鋪設冷熱管(guan)的(de)(de)鑿溝內是重(zhong)點防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)部位(wei)。 4.完工(gong)后要(yao)(yao)做閉水(shui)(shui)(shui)實(shi)驗。如(ru)果發現(xian)有滲(shen)漏，要(yao)(yao)及時(shi)做補救處理(li)。5.對防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)進行維護(hu)管(guan)理(li)：做保護(hu)層(ceng)(ceng)，加強(qiang)人為(wei)(wei)管(guan)理(li)，避免因(yin)為(wei)(wei)一些意外因(yin)素破壞(huai)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)。

選(xuan)用緩膨型遇水(shui)膨脹橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)作(zuo)為樁頭根(gen)部(bu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)材料時，必須將相應(ying)寬度(du)的(de)(de)凹(ao)槽剔鑿在橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)放(fang)置的(de)(de)墊層表面(mian)，并通過(guo)無齒鋸切(qie)割凹(ao)槽外邊(bian)線(xian)，以此為橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)放(fang)置提(ti)供便利(li)。在做防水(shui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)時，應(ying)保證(zheng)沒有雜物附著(zhu)于(yu)凹(ao)槽內混凝(ning)土面(mian)層，確保施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)干燥(zao)性(xing)(xing)。橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)在樁側、鋼筋(jin)根(gen)部(bu)鋪(pu)設時，應(ying)確保鋪(pu)設的(de)(de)完整性(xing)(xing)與連續性(xing)(xing)，將橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)閉合位置進行45度(du)斜角的(de)(de)切(qie)割，提(ti)高橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)的(de)(de)設置的(de)(de)穩固性(xing)(xing)。聚(ju)合物水(shui)泥防水(shui)砂(sha)(sha)漿(jiang)(jiang)應(ying)在完成橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)后進行，砂(sha)(sha)漿(jiang)(jiang)涂抹前必須將基面(mian)清理(li)干凈，隨(sui)后在砂(sha)(sha)漿(jiang)(jiang)攪拌(ban)機內對聚(ju)合物進行拌(ban)和(he)、壓實抹平施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)。防水(shui)砂(sha)(sha)漿(jiang)(jiang)終凝(ning)后，應(ying)進行7天養(yang)護，如將防火草簾覆蓋在其(qi)表面(mian)。