我們都知(zhi)道地(di)下室(shi)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)的(de)設(she)計(ji)對建筑物的(de)影響非(fei)常(chang)大(da)，設(she)計(ji)時(shi)要綜合(he)多方面(mian)的(de)因素，采(cai)用剛(gang)柔相接(jie)，因地(di)制宜，綜合(he)治理，防(fang)、排(pai)、堵相結合(he)的(de)原則。根據(ju)現場的(de)走(zou)訪(fang)和多年的(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)施工經驗來給大(da)家介(jie)紹一下：a.地(di)下室(shi)結構(gou)室(shi)外頂板(ban)宜優先采(cai)用結構(gou)起坡。b.地(di)下室(shi)頂板(ban)上有覆土(tu)時(shi)，可設(she)塑料排(pai)水(shui)(shui)板(ban)濾水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)有組織收集積水(shui)(shui)，但必須進行(xing)專項(xiang)節(jie)點設(she)計(ji)。c.當地(di)下室(shi)頂板(ban)被(bei)變形縫分隔時(shi)，變形縫應作為種植分區邊界，不得(de)跨縫種植。d.當地(di)下室(shi)頂板(ban)上無覆土(tu)時(shi)，可在(zai)卷材防(fang)水(shui)(shui)的(de)剛(gang)性保護層(ceng)上直接(jie)做(zuo)飾(shi)面(mian)層(ceng)。e.也(ye)可采(cai)用單層(ceng)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)做(zuo)法。

單一的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)材料雖然具有(you)一定的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，但必須通(tong)(tong)過(guo)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)操作(zuo)與(yu)(yu)組合，才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)構(gou)成土木建(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程，并獲得相應的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)。因此歷來把施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)操作(zuo)與(yu)(yu)組合的(de)(de)完美性(xing)(xing)，視為防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程成敗的(de)(de)關鍵。無論是(shi)各類防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)卷(juan)材還是(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)涂料，均(jun)(jun)必須與(yu)(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)基(ji)層緊密粘貼或黏結(jie)，并使(shi)兩者成為整體后，才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)可靠的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)屏(ping)障。通(tong)(tong)過(guo)長期的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程實踐和研(yan)究后認為，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)基(ji)層表面(mian)(即施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)面(mian))必須具備“干燥、清潔和適(shi)當(dang)溫度(du)”這(zhe)一防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)三大先決條件(jian)后，方可進(jin)行柔(rou)性(xing)(xing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，這(zhe)在中外建(jian)筑(zhu)規范和相關的(de)(de)教材、理論書籍中均(jun)(jun)有(you)論述(shu)。多年來隨著科(ke)學(xue)技術的(de)(de)不斷(duan)發展，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)也有(you)了很大改(gai)進(jin)，諸(zhu)如為了減少(shao)卷(juan)材起鼓(gu)與(yu)(yu)開裂，可采用空鋪法(fa)、條(點)粘法(fa)、熱熔法(fa)、冷粘法(fa)等(deng)措施。應指出，上述(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)與(yu)(yu)措施均(jun)(jun)有(you)一定的(de)(de)局限(xian)性(xing)(xing)，而要使(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程做到(dao)滴水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)不漏(lou)，仍(reng)應全面(mian)遵守(shou)有(you)關施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)條件(jian)的(de)(de)要求。

如果陽臺的地面上出現了積水或者陽臺漏水，這個時候就要對陽臺進行玉林市高壓灌漿設計了。陽臺補漏完成之后，新型高壓灌漿要注意加(jia)強抗滲(shen)砼(tong)的(de)(de)養(yang)護(hu)，派專人(ren)完成，保證砼(tong)表面保持濕(shi)潤狀態，養(yang)護(hu)時間不(bu)少(shao)于(yu)14天。最后進(jin)行外墻防(fang)水(shui)施工的(de)(de)時候(hou)，先進(jin)行結(jie)構外墻蓄水(shui)試驗確保無滲(shen)漏現象，對(dui)有濕(shi)澤的(de)(de)地方增(zeng)加(jia)一道防(fang)水(shui)涂料，對(dui)螺栓孔處(chu)(chu)，鑿(zao)除小木塊用1:2水(shui)泥砂漿修補(bu)，對(dui)陽角及施工縫處(chu)(chu)在大面防(fang)水(shui)前必須做一道防(fang)水(shui)附加(jia)層。

算上(shang)單組(zu)分環保型聚氨(an)酯材料、覆蓋在(zai)材料上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥層(ceng)以及(ji)面(mian)(mian)(mian)磚，每平方米的(de)(de)(de)(de)用料一(yi)(yi)(yi)般不會超過400元。，一(yi)(yi)(yi)個5平方米大小的(de)(de)(de)(de)衛(wei)浴間(jian)(jian)，重新做一(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)約(yue)(yue)需2000元左右(you)，浴缸(gang)等需要重新配置的(de)(de)(de)(de)衛(wei)浴設(she)施另算。防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)施工完(wan)畢后，要將衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)所有下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道堵住(zhu)，在(zai)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)門口(kou)砌一(yi)(yi)(yi)道"矮墻(qiang)"進行注水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)試(shi)驗，注水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)高(gao)(gao)度在(zai)20cm左右(you)。24小時后檢查(cha)，若衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)四周墻(qiang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)和地面(mian)(mian)(mian)沒有滲漏(lou)現象(xiang)說明衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質量很好。反之(zhi)，要找出漏(lou)點，進行維修。同時呢，墻(qiang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)也要做防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。為了(le)達到較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)效果，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)墻(qiang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)也要做大約(yue)(yue)30cm高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)，防(fang)止積水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洇透墻(qiang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)。與浴缸(gang)相鄰的(de)(de)(de)(de)墻(qiang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)度也要比浴缸(gang)上(shang)沿(yan)高(gao)(gao)出一(yi)(yi)(yi)些。這樣才能保證萬無(wu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)失(shi)。