在(zai)鋪貼(tie)高(gao)分(fen)(fen)子防水卷(juan)材(cai)(cai)時(shi)，一般都(dou)會在(zai)施(shi)工前將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)驗(yan)收合格的基(ji)(ji)(ji)層(ceng)清理干凈(jing)，并測定(ding)基(ji)(ji)(ji)層(ceng)干燥度(du)是否符合施(shi)工要求，按設計要求及卷(juan)材(cai)(cai)鋪貼(tie)方向(xiang)、搭接寬(kuan)(kuan)度(du)放(fang)線定(ding)位，并在(zai)基(ji)(ji)(ji)層(ceng)彈上(shang)粉線；然后在(zai)涂(tu)刷(shua)(shua)膠(jiao)粘(zhan)(zhan)劑。那么(me)如何使用平鋪法鋪貼(tie)高(gao)分(fen)(fen)子卷(juan)材(cai)(cai)呢？1、將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)高(gao)分(fen)(fen)子防水卷(juan)材(cai)(cai)拆去(qu)包裝紙(zhi)后開卷(juan)鋪在(zai)基(ji)(ji)(ji)層(ceng)上(shang)并對準粉線；2、先(xian)鋪離(li)上(shang)料(liao)點遠處，后鋪近(jin)處；3、卷(juan)材(cai)(cai)與(yu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)層(ceng)表面(mian)(mian)涂(tu)刷(shua)(shua)膠(jiao)粘(zhan)(zhan)劑，涂(tu)刷(shua)(shua)方法有（1）條粘(zhan)(zhan)法： 將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)試鋪好的卷(juan)材(cai)(cai)在(zai)1/3幅(fu)寬(kuan)(kuan)沿(yan)(yan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)邊(bian)對折，用油刷(shua)(shua)沿(yan)(yan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)向(xiang)分(fen)(fen)別往卷(juan)材(cai)(cai)、基(ji)(ji)(ji)層(ceng)表面(mian)(mian)均(jun)勻涂(tu)刷(shua)(shua)膠(jiao)粘(zhan)(zhan)劑，呈長(chang)(chang)(chang)條形，寬(kuan)(kuan)度(du)為150mm；（2）滿粘(zhan)(zhan)法：將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)卷(juan)材(cai)(cai)鋪展在(zai)干凈(jing)的基(ji)(ji)(ji)層(ceng)上(shang)，將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)卷(juan)材(cai)(cai)沿(yan)(yan)1/2幅(fu)寬(kuan)(kuan)對折，用長(chang)(chang)(chang)把滾刷(shua)(shua)蘸基(ji)(ji)(ji)層(ceng)膠(jiao)粘(zhan)(zhan)劑滾涂(tu)卷(juan)材(cai)(cai)粘(zhan)(zhan)結面(mian)(mian)與(yu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)層(ceng)表面(mian)(mian)，應留(liu)出搭接部位不涂(tu)膠(jiao)，長(chang)(chang)(chang)短邊(bian)部位空出80mm，作搭接用。

在現有的建筑技術和建筑條件下，造成建筑外墻滲漏的因素涉及各個方面，自然因素、設計因素、選材因素、技術工藝因素、細部處理因素以及房屋建筑交付使用因素等，這些因素的存在都有可能造成房建工程的外墻滲漏。新型高壓灌漿結合常見的房建工程外墻滲漏部位來看，建筑外墻滲漏的原因集中表現在以下方面：防水處理是房屋建筑工程中一項重要的質量工程。桂林市高壓灌漿實踐中，基(ji)于防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)料性(xing)能的(de)差異(yi)(yi)和(he)我國(guo)南(nan)(nan)北方氣候的(de)差異(yi)(yi)，使(shi)房屋(wu)(wu)的(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)計帶有一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)復雜性(xing)，一(yi)(yi)旦(dan)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)計出(chu)現(xian)問題，則將直接(jie)(jie)造(zao)成(cheng)房屋(wu)(wu)建(jian)筑外(wai)墻的(de)滲漏。防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處理是房屋(wu)(wu)建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)程中一(yi)(yi)項(xiang)重要的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)工(gong)(gong)程。實踐中，基(ji)于防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)料性(xing)能的(de)差異(yi)(yi)和(he)我國(guo)南(nan)(nan)北方氣候的(de)差異(yi)(yi)，使(shi)房屋(wu)(wu)的(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)計帶有一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)復雜性(xing)，一(yi)(yi)旦(dan)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)計出(chu)現(xian)問題，則將直接(jie)(jie)造(zao)成(cheng)房屋(wu)(wu)建(jian)筑外(wai)墻的(de)滲漏。

如果陽(yang)臺的(de)地(di)面上出現(xian)了積水(shui)(shui)或者陽(yang)臺漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)，這個(ge)時候就要對陽(yang)臺進(jin)行設計了。陽(yang)臺補漏(lou)(lou)完成之后(hou)，要注意加(jia)(jia)強抗(kang)滲(shen)砼(tong)的(de)養(yang)(yang)護，派(pai)專人(ren)完成，保證砼(tong)表(biao)面保持濕潤狀態，養(yang)(yang)護時間不少于14天。最后(hou)進(jin)行外墻防水(shui)(shui)施(shi)工(gong)的(de)時候，先進(jin)行結構外墻蓄水(shui)(shui)試驗確保無滲(shen)漏(lou)(lou)現(xian)象(xiang)，對有濕澤的(de)地(di)方增加(jia)(jia)一道(dao)防水(shui)(shui)涂(tu)料，對螺栓孔(kong)處，鑿除小(xiao)木塊用1:2水(shui)(shui)泥砂漿(jiang)修補，對陽(yang)角及施(shi)工(gong)縫處在大面防水(shui)(shui)前(qian)必(bi)須做一道(dao)防水(shui)(shui)附(fu)加(jia)(jia)層。

DH-814Ⅱ型(xing)聚氨酯(zhi)幫(bang)助堵漏(lou)(lou)膠是遇水(shui)(shui)(shui)即反應(ying)(ying)，由(you)于(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)參與了反應(ying)(ying)，漿液不會被水(shui)(shui)(shui)稀釋(shi)沖走，這是其他灌(guan)漿材料所不具備(bei)的優點；漿液在壓力作用下(xia)，灌(guan)入混凝 土裂縫(feng)，同(tong)時向(xiang)裂縫(feng)周圍蔓(man)延，當遇水(shui)(shui)(shui)時又發生(sheng)反應(ying)(ying)，發泡膨脹，形(xing)成二(er)次(ci)蔓(man)延，繼續滲入混凝土縫(feng)隙，形(xing)成網(wang)狀結構，成為密(mi)度小(xiao)、含水(shui)(shui)(shui)的彈性體，有良(liang)好的 適應(ying)(ying)變形(xing)能力，止水(shui)(shui)(shui)性好。灌(guan)漿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的設計和(he)布孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong) 灌(guan)漿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的布孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)有騎(qi)縫(feng)和(he)斜孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)兩(liang)種形(xing)式，建議根據實(shi)際情(qing)況和(he)需要(yao)加以選擇，必要(yao)時兩(liang)者并用。（1） 灌(guan)漿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的設計：灌(guan)漿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的位置，應(ying)(ying)使(shi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)和(he)漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)裂縫(feng)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)隙相交(jiao)，并選在漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量深處。（2） 布孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)原則：注漿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)眼的位置和(he)數(shu)量，需根據不同(tong)漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)情(qing)況進行合理安排，以導(dao)出(chu)漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)為目(mu)的，在集中漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處布孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，裂縫(feng)大(da)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)流量大(da)，則孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)距大(da)，縫(feng)小(xiao)則孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)距小(xiao)。

現(xian)在防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)首要(yao)分為二大(da)類:一、柔性防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)，如(ru)：種材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)卷材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)、JS復合(he)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)、聚(ju)氨(an)酯防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)、防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)膠等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)乳液性的(de)聚(ju)合(he)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)。這(zhe)些(xie)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)首要(yao)是(shi)包裹住基(ji)面(mian)(mian)，不(bu)讓水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)滲出和滲入(ru)，這(zhe)些(xie)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)有必(bi)定(ding)的(de)延伸(shen)率(lv)和抗拉才能。僅有缺(que)陷這(zhe)些(xie)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)有必(bi)定(ding)的(de)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)年限，也就是(shi)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壽命(ming)。這(zhe)些(xie)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)廣(guang)泛(fan)(fan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于的(de)屋面(mian)(mian)、衛(wei)生(sheng)間(jian)、伸(shen)縮縫、落水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)口、磚石(shi)等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)基(ji)面(mian)(mian)上。二、剛生(sheng)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)：望文生(sheng)義(yi)，它有高強度，但他缺(que)少延伸(shen)率(lv)和抗拉才能，但防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壽命(ming)長久施工后跟(gen)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)同等(deng)(deng)，如(ru)：水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)不(bu)漏、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥基(ji)浸透(tou)結(jie)晶、浸透(tou)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)劑、永凝(ning)液等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。它們(men)是(shi)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)結(jie)構的(de)多孔性透(tou)過毛細管(guan)現(xian)像，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)親水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)性以水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為載體浸透(tou)到(dao)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)內部，發生(sheng)化(hua)學反應，形成結(jie)晶體，堵信(xin)毛細孔到(dao)達防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)，添加混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)強度，這(zhe)些(xie)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)廣(guang)泛(fan)(fan)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)于地下室(shi)、衛(wei)生(sheng)間(jian)、污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池、蘊水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池、也可直接用(yong)(yong)(yong)于飲用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。所以現(xian)在一般防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)要(yao)求(qiu)高的(de)，設計(ji)上會用(yong)(yong)(yong)剛柔結(jie)合(he)的(de)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)方案(an)!

防(fang)水(shui)處理(li)應(ying)該(gai)先(xian)清除窗(chuang)縫的(de)填充(chong)物，然后再注入防(fang)水(shui)堵(du)漏(lou)材料。另(ling)外窗(chuang)框的(de)四周應(ying)該(gai)涂上(shang)2mm厚的(de)防(fang)水(shui)材料地(di)(di)面(mian)和墻面(mian)的(de)交角以及陰陽角部分常由于(yu)混(hun)凝土和砂漿(jiang)的(de)熱脹冷縮(suo)導致開裂，這部分適合(he)使用防(fang)水(shui)卷材進行防(fang)水(shui)處理(li)；過石門(men)下面(mian)也(ye)是滲漏(lou)情(qing)況出(chu)現較多(duo)的(de)地(di)(di)方，施(shi)工時，在過石門(men)下面(mian)要先(xian)做一(yi)個(ge)地(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)，防(fang)水(shui)一(yi)定要卷到地(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)之(zhi)上(shang)，形成一(yi)個(ge)盆(pen)狀，才能發揮蓄(xu)水(shui)、擋水(shui)的(de)功(gong)能；地(di)(di)漏(lou)處屬于(yu)水(shui)流(liu)的(de)出(chu)口，接(jie)觸(chu)水(shui)最多(duo)，在裝修時地(di)(di)漏(lou)就是需(xu)要重點處理(li)的(de)地(di)(di)方，不(bu)僅所(suo)處坡(po)度要低于(yu)其他區域，而且防(fang)水(shui)材料也(ye)需(xu)要多(duo)刷幾次。